Infant perceptual, cognitive, and motor behaviours as predictors of subsequent cognitive and language development.

Siegel, Linda S.

doi:10.1037/h0081734

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The mental scale measures children’s early cognitive development, including communication skills, expressive and receptive vocabulary, comprehension, and problem-solving skills. Siegel (1979) found that low Bayley test scores in infancy predicted low scores on cognitive, language, perceptual, and visual motor tests later in childhood. The revised Bayley Scale (BSID-II), from which the BSF-R has been developed, has been found to be a valid measure of IQ that correlates positively with other IQ measures (Nellis and Gridley 1994).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Who Matters for Children’s Early Development? Race/Ethnicity and Extended Household Structures in the United States

2010

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Taking advantage of recent data that permit an assessment of the importance of extended household members in operationalizing the relationship between family structure and children’s early development, this study incorporated coresident grandparents, other kin, and nonkin to investigate the associations between extended household structure and U.S. children’s cognitive and behavioral outcomes at age 2. Analyses assessed whether these relationships differed for Latino, African American, and White children and tested four potential explanations for such differences. Nationally representative data came from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort of 2001 (N ≈ 8,450). Extended household structures were much more prevalent in households of young African American and Latino children than among Whites. Nuclear households were beneficial for White children, but living with a grandparent was associated with the highest cognitive scores for African American children. Nuclear, vertically extended, and laterally extended households had similar associations with Latino children’s cognitive and behavior scores. Results suggest that expanded indicators of household structure that include grandparents, other kin, and nonkin are useful for understanding children’s early development.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Who Matters for Children’s Early Development? Race/Ethnicity and Extended Household Structures in the United States

2010

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“…The most important caveat is that the findings do not establish a causal relationship between prenatal cocaine exposure and later developmental delays. Although motor development, compared with language or social skills, appears to have a greater neurobiologic basis and may be relatively less affected by cultural factors [39][40][41][42] , the environment in which the children are raised will influence the rate and level of motor development. This point is most evident in the relatively low correlations between birth and maternal variables and motor outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Development of Cocaine-exposed Children at Age Two Years

et al. 1999

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Objective-This article was designed to investigate effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on motor development of young children from a predominately underprivileged, urban population.Methodology-A total of 260 infants and young children were initially recruited from either the newborn nursery or the at-risk pediatric clinic of an urban teaching hospital. Prenatal history and birth outcomes were collected from medical records. Demographic characteristics and additional drug histories were obtained from the mothers. The 199 subjects (98 cocaine-exposed and 101 unexposed) who returned at age 2 years were assessed by examiners blinded to drug exposure status using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales.Results-Compared with control subjects, the cocaine-exposed group performed significantly less well on both the fine and the gross motor development indices. Mean scores for both groups were within the average range on the gross motor index, but greater than 1 standard deviation below average on the fine motor index. Differences were significant on the balance and the receipt and propulsion subscales of the gross motor scale, and on the hand use and the eye-hand coordination subscales of the fine motor scale. Cocaine status independently predicted poorer hand use and eye-hand coordination scores. There also was an effect of alcohol exposure on the receipt and propulsion subscale.Conclusions-Findings indicate that deficiencies in motor development remain detectable at 2 years of age in children exposed to drugs prenatally. Although other environmental variables may influence motor development, children exposed to cocaine and to alcohol in utero may encounter developmental challenges that impede later achievement.Although the recent epidemic of cocaine use may have subsided, 1,2 concerns about the development of many children exposed to cocaine in utero remain relevant. There are several possible mechanisms by which cocaine may damage the developing nervous system of the human fetus, 3 suggesting that neural functions associated with movement, such as those regulated by the hypothalamic and extrapyramidal systems, should be examined closely. Specific findings demonstrating a strong and explicit effect of fetal cocaine Copyright © 1999 exposure on infant development, however, have been difficult to confirm, in part because of numerous confounding factors. 4 In particular, many studies had small sample sizes and/or lacked control for the polydrug exposure that is commonly associated with cocaine exposure. Additionally, previous research frequently failed to consider other factors, such as amount of prenatal care, maternal education, and prematurity, that also have been shown to affect developmental outcome. 5,6 Numerous studies have focused on the neurobehavioral sequelae of prenatal cocaine exposure on newborns or young infants, many of which reported significant negative effects of cocaine exposure. Reviews of this literature, however, note several inconsistencies in the nature and extent of the deficits. 7,8 A...

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“…42 The BSID at 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months is correlated with Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales at 30 and 36 months, with the perceptual items being more predictive at early months. 44 The MDI at 2 years is correlated with the Stanford-Binet IQ at 3 and 5 years. 45 No study was performed on a night when a child had an acute illness such as fever or nasal discharge.…”

Section: Developmental Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snore-Associated Sleep Fragmentation in Infancy: Mental Development Effects and Contribution of Secondhand Cigarette Smoke Exposure

2006

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OBJECTIVE. The link between sleep-disordered breathing and neurocognitive functioning in preschool and school-aged children now has been established clearly. Within these age groups, isolated studies have examined the potential effect of snoring without gas exchange abnormalities on aspects of cognitive competence. The goal of the study was to test the potential association between snoring and decrements in developmental performance among infants.METHODS. Thirty-five healthy community infants (8.2 Ϯ 0.4 months) were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, including the Mental Development Index (MDI), after standard, overnight research polysomnography.RESULTS. The apnea-hypopnea index for all infants was 0. Respiratory arousal index was significantly correlated with MDI. Snoring-associated arousals accounted exclusively for this relationship; spontaneous arousals and those that were associated with central apnea and oxyhemoglobin desaturation episodes (Ն4%) were not significantly correlated with MDI. Living in a smoking household was not significantly associated with the presence of objectively recorded snoring but was associated with an increase in arousal frequency in snoring infants.CONCLUSIONS. Infants with lower scores on a standardized mental development assessment had higher snoring-arousal indices. Because neither apnea nor hypopnea was present, these findings constitute additional evidence that snoring is not just an innocent noise during sleep in infants but may in fact represent the lower end of the disease spectrum associated with sleep-disordered breathing. Secondhand exposure to cigarette smoke may increase the deleterious effects of infant snoring. e496MONTGOMERY-DOWNS and GOZAL by guest on May 12, 2018 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/ Downloaded from T HERE IS NOW substantial and compelling evidence indicating that sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) during early childhood is deleterious to cognition. Furthermore, SDB in early childhood leads to greater utilization of health care resources, 1 more frequent dosedependent cardiovascular morbidity 2,3 and comorbid chronic illnesses, 4,5 as well as greater psychiatric and behavioral comorbidities. 6-10 Impairments associated with SDB have been shown on cognition and school performance. 6,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16] The cumulative evidence points to at least partial reversibility of many of these effects in children [17][18][19][20] and in animal models, 21,22 highlighting the importance of early detection of pediatric SDB. Indeed, failure to thrive associated with SDB, which has been reported in up to 52% of patient samples, has been shown to be reversible in infants who are younger than 18 months after treatment. 23 Although report of snoring history is insufficient for diagnosis of SDB, it is known that snoring is reliably present in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). 24 The prevalence of SDB among school-aged children is estimated at 2% to 3%, 25,26 and symptoms that are consistent with risk for SDB have been repo...

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Infant perceptual, cognitive, and motor behaviours as predictors of subsequent cognitive and language development.

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

Who Matters for Children’s Early Development? Race/Ethnicity and Extended Household Structures in the United States

Who Matters for Children’s Early Development? Race/Ethnicity and Extended Household Structures in the United States

Motor Development of Cocaine-exposed Children at Age Two Years

Snore-Associated Sleep Fragmentation in Infancy: Mental Development Effects and Contribution of Secondhand Cigarette Smoke Exposure

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