Infant Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections

Heinonen, Santtu; Rodríguez‐Fernández, Rosa; Díaz, Alejandro; Rodríguez-Pastor, S. Oliva; Ramilo, Octavio; Mejías, Asunción

doi:10.1016/j.iac.2019.03.005

Cited by 53 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…The most abundant cell type in the airways of infants with RV bronchiolitis is neutrophils, although infiltration of eosinophils also plays an important role (Heinonen et al, 2019). Moreover, it has been recently demonstrated that concentrations of mast cells IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, and IFN-a was significantly higher after stimulation with RV (Liu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Virions Readily Colonize the Lungsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it has been recently demonstrated that concentrations of mast cells IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, and IFN-a was significantly higher after stimulation with RV (Liu et al, 2019). T cells participate in controlling RV infection through the recognition of viral antigens and subsequent initiation of both Tc and antibodymediated immune responses (Heinonen et al, 2019). Of particular interest is a recent study showing in vitro that RV enters and forms viral replication centers in B lymphocytes and induces the proliferation of B cells .…”

Section: Virions Readily Colonize the Lungsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Lung and Gut Microbiota in the Pathology of Asthma

et al. 2020

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Section: Virions Readily Colonize the Lungsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virions Readily Colonize the Lungsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Lung and Gut Microbiota in the Pathology of Asthma

et al. 2020

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“…There are multiple factors associated with in-hospital complications in this group of patients, and prematurity has been demonstrated; the OR described in a meta-analysis was 1.96 (95% CI 1.44-2.67), which was greater than that in our study (OR = 1.47). Premature birth interrupts the transfer of maternal antibodies, and maturation of the immune system occurs at 6 months of life; thus, patients with a history of prematurity are susceptible to airway infections, particularly of viral etiology (20). Furthermore, patents with a history of prematurity have acquired dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system that might result from an in ammatory cascade induced by a virus, which can cause apnea, increasing the risk of death (13,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospitalizations for viral respiratory infections in children under 2 years of age: epidemiology and in-hospital complications

Zurita‐Cruz

Gutierrez-Gonzalez

Manuel‐Apolinar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) are a frequent cause of hospitalization in children under 24 months of age. A history of prematurity or heart disease may be a risk factor for complications in patients hospitalized for VRI. The objective was to describe epidemiological data for children hospitalized for IRV and aged 1 to 24 months and to identify risk factors for the presence of in-hospital complications and mortality over a period of 5 years.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients registered with VRI codes B974, J12, J120-J129X, J168, J17, J171, J178, J20, J203-J209, J21, J210, J211, J218, J219 (based on International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10]) from 2013 to 2017 were included. Three subanalyses were performed to compare (1) patients with pathological history (prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD] and congenital heart disease [CHD]), (2) diagnoses (pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and acute bronchiolitis), and (3) admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, invasive medical procedure and mortality were analyzed. Statistical analysis: VRI hospitalization prevalence was described. For comparison between groups, Student's t-test, ANOVA and the Chi2 test were applied. To identify factors related to days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications and mortality, a linear and logistic regression model was performed.Results: A total of 66,304 hospitalizations were reported. The average age was 14.7 weeks; hospitalization events were higher in winter (39%), followed by autumn (27.3%). A total of 371 (0.56%) patients died. A total of 7,068 (10.6%) hospitalized patients with pathological histories were identified. The presence of BPD (coefficient = 1.6), CHD (coefficient = 1.2), diagnosis of pneumonia (coefficient = 1.2), in-hospital complications (coefficient = 2.1) and invasive medical procedures (coefficient = 15.7) were the most common factors that increased the length of hospital stay. Risk factors for in-hospital complications and mortality were invasive medical procedure (OR = 3.3 & 11.7), BPD (OR=1.8 & 1.6), CHD (OR = 4.6 & 3.4) and diagnosis of pneumonia (OR= 1.8 & 4.2).Conclusions: Risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for VRIs are BPD and CHD, diagnosis of pneumonia and invasive medical procedure.

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“…The significance of these data is counterintuitive in light of the well-established higher susceptibility rates of infants to respiratory infections [134]. Therefore, the theoretical protection of children from SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests the reevaluation of COVID-19 as a systemic condition with pulmonary involvement, rather than a pulmonary disease with systemic implications [135].…”

Section: Raas and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

2020 update on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in pediatric kidney disease and its interactions with coronavirus

et al. 2020

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The last decade was crucial for our understanding of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as a two-axis, counterregulatory system, divided into the classical axis, formed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II), and the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), and the alternative axis comprising angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), and the Mas receptor. Breakthrough discoveries also took place, with other RAAS endopeptides being described, including alamandine and angiotensin A. In this review, we characterize the two RAAS axes and the role of their components in pediatric kidney diseases, including childhood hypertension (HTN), pediatric glomerular diseases, congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also present recent findings on potential interactions between the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and components of the RAAS, as well as potential implications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for pediatric kidney diseases.

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Infant Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections

Abstract: Infants have increased susceptibility to respiratory viral infections, with RSV and RV being the leading pathogens as they cause acute bronchiolitis and are associated with development of recurrent wheezing and asthma.

Cited by 53 publications

References 135 publications

The Role of Lung and Gut Microbiota in the Pathology of Asthma

The Role of Lung and Gut Microbiota in the Pathology of Asthma

Hospitalizations for viral respiratory infections in children under 2 years of age: epidemiology and in-hospital complications

2020 update on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in pediatric kidney disease and its interactions with coronavirus

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