Infant gut immunity: a preliminary study of IgA associations with breastfeeding

Bridgman, Sarah L.; Konya, Theodore; Azad, Meghan B.; Sears, Malcolm R.; Becker, Allan B.; Turvey, Stuart E.; Mandhane, Piush J.; Subbarao, Padmaja; Scott, James A.; Field, Catherine J.; Kozyrskyj, Anita L.

doi:10.1017/s2040174415007862

Cited by 51 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Second, breast milk contains multiple bacterial species, now referred to as the milk microbiomes [35] that actively colonize the gut. And third, breast milk contains other bioactive factors such as secretory IgA, which has been shown to alter colonization of the infant gut, protecting it against pathogenic bacteria [36, 37]. None of these factors are present in IF, presumably contributing to the lower diversity index initially observed among IF-fed preterm infants, as well as the more rapid acquisition of microbes, the majority being acquired from the hospital environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of maternal breast milk ingestion on acquisition of the intestinal microbiome in preterm infants

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe initial acquisition and early development of the intestinal microbiome during infancy are important to human health across the lifespan. Mode of birth, antibiotic administration, environment of care, and nutrition have all been shown to play a role in the assembly of the intestinal microbiome during early life. For preterm infants, who are disproportionately at risk of inflammatory intestinal disease (i.e., necrotizing enterocolitis), a unique set of clinical factors influence the establishment of the microbiome. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of nutritional exposures on the intestinal microbiome in a cohort of preterm infants early in life.ResultsPrincipal component analysis of 199 samples from 30 preterm infants (<32 weeks) over the first 60 days following birth showed that the intestinal microbiome was influenced by postnatal time (p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.13), birth weight (p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.08), and nutrition (p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.21). Infants who were fed breast milk had a greater initial bacterial diversity and a more gradual acquisition of diversity compared to infants who were fed infant formula. The microbiome of infants fed breast milk were more similar regardless of birth weight (p = 0.049), in contrast to the microbiome of infants fed infant formula, which clustered differently based on birth weight (p < 0.001). By adjusting for differences in gut maturity, an ordered succession of microbial phylotypes was observed in breast milk-fed infants, which appeared to be disrupted in those fed infant formula. Supplementation with pasteurized donor human milk was partially successful in promoting a microbiome more similar to breast milk-fed infants and moderating rapid increases in bacterial diversity.ConclusionsThe preterm infant intestinal microbiome is influenced by postnatal time, birth weight, gestational age, and nutrition. Feeding with breast milk appears to mask the influence of birth weight, suggesting a protective effect against gut immaturity in the preterm infant. These findings suggest not only a microbial mechanism underpinning the body of evidence showing that breast milk promotes intestinal health in the preterm infant but also a dynamic interplay of host and dietary factors that facilitate the colonization of and enrichment for specific microbes during establishment of the preterm infant microbiota.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0214-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of maternal breast milk ingestion on acquisition of the intestinal microbiome in preterm infants

et al. 2016

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“…87,88 By testing mice either expressing or devoid of Ig receptor mice, it has been shown that maternal sIgA in breast milk stimulates offspring gut microbiota changes that persist and are amplified at adulthood, and blocks translocation of aerobic bacteria, including the pathogen Ochrobactrum antropi, across the intestines and into draining lymph nodes (Table 1). 89,90 In addition, maternal sIgA alters the intestinal gene expression profile, especially those transcripts associated with enteritis in humans, and alleviates dextran-induced colonic mucosal damage.…”

Section: Gut Microbiome and Immune Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

Rosenfeld

2016

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Abundant evidence exists linking maternal and paternal environments from pericopconception through the postnatal period to later risk to offspring diseases. This concept was first articulated by the late Sir David Barker and as such coined the Barker Hypothesis. The term was then mutated to Fetal Origins of Adult Disease and finally broadened to developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) in recognition that the perinatal environment can shape both health and disease in resulting offspring. Developmental exposure to various factors, including stress, obesity, caloric-rich diets and environmental chemicals can lead to detrimental offspring health outcomes. However, less attention has been paid to date on measures that parents can take to promote the long-term health of their offspring. In essence, have we neglected to consider the ‘H’ in DOHaD? It is the ‘H’ component that should be of primary concern to expecting mothers and fathers and those seeking to have children. While it may not be possible to eliminate exposure to all pernicious factors, prevention/remediation strategies may tip the scale to health rather than disease. By understanding disruptive DOHaD mechanisms, it may also illuminate behavioral modifications that parents can adapt before fertilization and throughout the neonatal period to promote the lifelong health of their male and female offspring. Three possibilities will be explored in the current review: parental exercise, probiotic supplementation and breastfeeding in the case of mothers. The ‘H’ paradigm should be the focus going forward as a healthy start can indeed last a lifetime.

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“…Among infected individuals, evidence of ZIKV has been detected in serum, saliva, urine, semen, and breast milk [13, 18–22]. Generally, transmission of antibodies through breast milk has been described, particularly for IgA, conferring passive immunity [23]. The presence of IgA, IgG, or IgM antibodies against similar flaviviruses such as West Nile Virus has been reported in breast milk [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Zika virus through breast milk and other breastfeeding-related bodily-fluids: A systematic review

et al. 2017

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BackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) infection is an emerging mosquito-borne disease, which is associated with an increase in central nervous system malformations and newborn microcephaly cases. This review investigated evidence of breastfeeding transmission from ZIKV-infected mothers to their children and the presence of ZIKV infection in breastfeeding-related fluids.Methodology/Principal findingsWe conducted a systematic review of observational studies, case studies, and surveillance reports involving breastfeeding women with ZIKV infection in several international databases. Data extraction and analysis were conducted following a PROSPERO-registered protocol. From 472 non-duplicate records, two case reports met criteria for inclusion. We reviewed three cases of ZIKV infection among lactating mothers near the time of delivery. Two of the three (2/3) associated newborns had evidence of ZIKV infection. ZIKV was detected in breast milk of all three mothers. Breast milk detection results were positive in all mothers (3/3) by RT-PCR, one was positive by culture (1/3), and none was tested for ZIKV-specific antibodies. Serum samples were ZIKV positive in all mothers (3/3), and sweat was not tested for ZIKV.Conclusions/SignificanceWe describe three cases of ZIKV-infected breastfeeding mothers who were symptomatic within three days of delivery, and two cases with ZIKV-infected newborns. While ZIKV was detected in the breast milk of all three mothers, the data are not sufficient to conclude ZIKV transmission via breastfeeding. More evidence is needed to distinguish breastfeeding transmission from other perinatal transmission routes.

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Infant gut immunity: a preliminary study of IgA associations with breastfeeding

Cited by 51 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of maternal breast milk ingestion on acquisition of the intestinal microbiome in preterm infants

Influence of maternal breast milk ingestion on acquisition of the intestinal microbiome in preterm infants

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

Transmission of Zika virus through breast milk and other breastfeeding-related bodily-fluids: A systematic review

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