Infant Formula Supplemented with Biotics: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Salminen, Seppo; Stahl, Bernd; Vinderola, Gabriel; Szajewska, Hania

doi:10.3390/nu12071952

Cited by 77 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(156 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In our study population, bifidobacteria comprise the largest proportion of microbes in the first year of life ( 40 ) and are associated with infant growth ( 41 ). Both 2′FL and LNnT have been shown to enhance the growth of beneficial bifidobacteria ( 32 , 42 , 43 ). Because the proportion of bifidobacteria was already high in our study population (and likely in Brazil, The Gambia, and Singapore), consumption of additional 2′FL might not have increased bifidobacteria to the extent that it enhanced growth or development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of human milk oligosaccharides and bioactive proteins with infant growth and development among Malawian mother-infant dyads

Jorgensen

Young

Ashorn

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bioactive breast milk proteins have many beneficial properties. Information is sparse regarding associations between these milk constituents and infant growth and development in lower-income countries. Objectives We aimed to examine associations of milk content of HMOs and bioactive proteins at 6 mo postpartum with infant growth and motor and cognitive development. These are secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi. Methods Breast milk samples were analyzed at 6 mo (n = 659) for general categories of HMOs (total HMOs, fucosylated HMOs, and sialylated HMOs), 51 individual HMOs, and 6 bioactive proteins (lactalbumin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, antitrypsin, IgA, and osteopontin). We examined associations of the relative abundances of HMOs and concentrations of bioactive proteins with infant growth from 6 to 12 mo [change in length-for-age (ΔLAZ), weight-for-age, weight-for-length, and head circumference z-scores] as well as ability to stand or walk alone at 12 mo, and motor and language skills, socioemotional development, executive function, and working memory at 18 mo. Analyses were adjusted for covariates and multiple hypothesis testing. Results Among all participants, there were inverse associations of IgA and lactoferrin concentrations with motor skills (P = 0.018 and P = 0.044), and a positive association of lactalbumin concentration with motor skills (P = 0.038). Among secretors only [fucosyltransferase 2 gene (FUT2) positive], there were positive associations of absolute abundance of HMOs with ΔLAZ (P = 0.035), and relative abundance of fucosylated and sialylated HMOs with language at 18 mo (P < 0.001 and P = 0.033, respectively), and inverse associations of osteopontin with standing and walking at 12 mo (P = 0.007 and 0.002, respectively). Relative abundances of several individual HMOs were associated with growth and development, mostly among secretors. Conclusions Certain bioactive breast milk proteins and HMOs are associated with infant growth and motor and cognitive development. Further studies are needed to determine if a causal relation exists. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01239693.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of human milk oligosaccharides and bioactive proteins with infant growth and development among Malawian mother-infant dyads

Jorgensen

Young

Ashorn

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The concentrations of individual HMOs in human milk differ during lactation and decrease over time [ 5 , 12 ]. For example, the amount of 2′-FL ranges from 0 to 4.5 g/L in early lactation [ 13 ], whereas 3′-Galactosyllactose (3′-GL) has been reported as high as 0.08 g/L in colostrum and ranges from 0.005 to 0.039 g/L over the first 21 days [ 14 , 15 ]. However, these values are based on a small number of samples and further work is required to determine the genetic, dietary, and other environmental factors that impact the natural variability in concentration of HMOs in mother’s milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Partly Fermented Infant Formula with Postbiotics Including 3′-GL, Specific Oligosaccharides, 2′-FL, and Milk Fat Supports Adequate Growth, Is Safe and Well-Tolerated in Healthy Term Infants: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled, Multi-Country Trial

Vandenplas

Halleux

Arciszewska³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated growth, safety, and tolerance in healthy infants consuming a partly fermented infant formula (IF) with postbiotics, 2′-linked fucosyllactose (2′-FL), a specific prebiotic mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS) and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS), and milk fat. This double-blind, controlled trial randomised 215 fully IF-fed infants ≤ 14 days of age to either: Test Group (IF) containing 26% fermented formula with postbiotics derived from Lactofidus fermentation process (including 3′-Galactosyllactose; 3′-GL), 0.8 g/100 mL scGOS/lcFOS (9:1), 0.1 g/100 mL 2′-FL, and milk fat), or Control group (IF with 0.8 g/100 mL scGOS/lcFOS (9:1)) until 17 weeks of age. Fully breastfed infants were included as a reference. Anthropometric measures, gastrointestinal symptoms, and safety were assessed monthly. Equivalence in weight gain (primary outcome) between the Test and Control groups was confirmed (difference in means −0.08 g/day; 90% CI (−1.47;1.31)) with estimated mean weight gain (SE) of 31.00 (0.59) g/day and 31.08 (0.60) g/day, respectively, (PP population, n = 196). Equivalence in length and head circumference gain between the randomised groups was also confirmed. No statistically significant differences were observed in adverse events or gastrointestinal tolerance between randomised IF groups. A partly fermented IF with postbiotics, specific oligosaccharides, 2′-FL, and milk fat supports adequate infant growth and is safe and well-tolerated in healthy term infants.

show abstract

“…Data for ∆MPO at each interval has been represented as β-coe cient, 95% CI. However, this trend of reduction in the levels of MPO levels at day 28 compared to the baseline level (∆MPO 2) was not found with the group that had received only the probiotic supplementation (Table 4), where there was an increase in ∆MPO levels by 24.77 µg /ml compared to the placebo group (95% CI: -12.60 µg /ml, 17.55 µg /ml; p = 0.742). Subsequently, for the group that received the synbiotic supplementation, there was a sustained reduction in ∆MPO levels at day 28 compared to the baseline level (∆MPO 2), with a reduction by 15.31 µg /ml compared to the placebo group (Table 4), although this change was not found to be statistically signi cant at 95% con dence level (95% CI: -30.96 µg /ml, 33.0 µg /ml; p = 0.055).…”

Section: Association Of the Nutritional Interventions On Change In ∆Mmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Since B. infantis is able to consume all of the HMOs in human milk, it quickly dominates the microbiome of the breast-fed infant to levels of over 80% of the total gut microbiome once it is introduced (13). Infant formulas are now commercially available with certain HMOs added at very low levels (17). One trial with healthy formula-fed term infants supplemented with two HMOs (2'Fucosyllactose [2'FL] and Lacto-N-neotetraose [LNnT]), demonstrated an increase in Bi dobacteria in the gut microbiome, but not to the levels seen in healthy breast-fed infants who have been provided B. infantis (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of prebiotic (Lacto-N-neotetraose) and probiotic (B. infantis EVC001) supplementation on gut inflammation and fecal pH in young infants suffering from severe acute malnutrition: findings from a randomized controlled trial

Palit¹,

Nuzhat²,

Gazi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundSevere acute malnutrition (SAM) is associated with high levels of gamma Proteobacteria chronic gut inflammation and poor gut health. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of probiotic and/or prebiotic supplementation on gut inflammation and fecal pH in young infants with SAM.MethodsThis study was a single-blind RCT where infants aged between 2 and 6 months were randomized to receive either: probiotic (B. infantis EVC001), synbiotic (prebiotic, Lacto-N-neotetraose [LNnT] plus probiotic [B. infantis EVC001]), or placebo (Lactose) for 28 days followed by 28 days of post-supplementation follow up. Stool samples were collected at baseline and at day 10, day 28 and day 56. Fecal myeloperoxidase (MPO), as an indicator of gut inflammation and fecal pH were measured and the change in the levels of these biochemical parameters between the sample collection time points were calculated and denoted as ∆MPO and ∆pH. Kruskal-Wallis test was done to assess the effect of the supplementations on ∆MPO and ∆pH. Multivariate quantile regression analysis was performed to analyze the association of the supplements with ∆MPO and ∆pH.ResultsIn comparison to the placebo group at day 10, a significant decrease in ∆MPO was found for the probiotic group (β-coefficient: -18.44; 95% CI: -31.62 µg/ml, -52.47 µg/ml; p = 0.007) and for the synbiotic group (β-coefficient: -17.24; 95% CI: -30.94 µg/ml, -35.36 µg/ml; p = 0.015). This reduction in ∆MPO in comparison to the placebo group was sustained only in the synbiotic group at other time points. Decrease in ∆pH was observed only in the synbiotic group at day 10 and day 28, but not at day 56 in comparison to the placebo group.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that the use of this synbiotic supplementation may result in sustained effects in reduction of gut inflammation in young infants with SAM. However, further studies are required to fully evaluate the role of this synbiotic intervention for sustained reduction in fecal pH in this study population.Trial registrationThe trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT0366657). Registered on 12 September, 2018 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03666572)

show abstract

Infant Formula Supplemented with Biotics: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Cited by 77 publications

References 130 publications

Associations of human milk oligosaccharides and bioactive proteins with infant growth and development among Malawian mother-infant dyads

Associations of human milk oligosaccharides and bioactive proteins with infant growth and development among Malawian mother-infant dyads

A Partly Fermented Infant Formula with Postbiotics Including 3′-GL, Specific Oligosaccharides, 2′-FL, and Milk Fat Supports Adequate Growth, Is Safe and Well-Tolerated in Healthy Term Infants: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled, Multi-Country Trial

Impact of prebiotic (Lacto-N-neotetraose) and probiotic (B. infantis EVC001) supplementation on gut inflammation and fecal pH in young infants suffering from severe acute malnutrition: findings from a randomized controlled trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About