Infant feeding method and obesity: body mass index and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements at 9–10 y of age from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

Toschke, André Michael; Martin, Richard M; Kries, Rüdiger von; Wells, Jonathan C. K.; Smith, George Davey; Ness, Andrew R

doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1578

Cited by 94 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This highlighted there might be a duration-dependent effect of breastfeeding on FM and %BF of adolescents, consistent with recent evidence suggesting a longer period of breastfeeding was associated with lower BMI at 1 year of age, 37 and that breastfeeding remained a significant protective factor up to age 5 to 6 y. 38,39 Our results supported this hypothesis and suggested the inverse association between duration of breastfeeding and obesity might be a long term effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Maternal diet, breastfeeding and adolescent body composition: a 16-year prospective study

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Overweight and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent problems worldwide. A number of factors in early life have been found to be associated with body composition of neonates or young children but there is limited follow-up data for adolescents. This study aims to describe associations between early nutrition and body composition in adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Birth cohort study of 415 pregnant women and their offspring (mean age 16 years). Body composition including fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) of adolescents at 16 years of age was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Information on maternal food and nutrients intake during the third trimester of pregnancy and breastfeeding was collected by questionnaires soon after birth. RESULTS: A total of 264 mother-adolescents pairs were studied. Maternal antenatal meat intake was positively associated with FM of adolescents (an increase of 0.9%/portion, Po0.01). There were also positive associations between maternal energy intake (per 1000 kJ/day), fat (per 10 g/d) and protein (per 10 g/day) intake and offspring's FM (an increase of 1.3%), but these became borderline after adjustment for confounders. Breastfeeding 425 days was negatively associated with FM in adolescents (a decrease of 14%, P ¼ 0.01). These associations were independent of the significant association between maternal energy and macronutrient intakes during pregnancy and adolescent intakes at 16 years of age. No significant association was found between maternal dietary intake and lean mass in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding may have a biological effect that is beneficial for the prevention of obesity. Conversely, higher maternal meat intake during pregnancy may increase FM in adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Maternal diet, breastfeeding and adolescent body composition: a 16-year prospective study

et al. 2012

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“…This may be due to differences in body measurements, ages and samples sizes. A study among adult males from Brazil did not show an association between breastfeeding and adult body fat, measured by skinfolds and fat mass using a bio-impedance scale (Victora et al, 2003), whereas a large study in the United Kingdom reported a negligible protective effect of breastfeeding duration for 46 months on mean body fat measured with the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in children aged 9-10 years (Toschke et al, 2007). Any association was attenuated after adjustment for confounders.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Infant diet and subcutaneous fat mass in early childhood: The Generation R Study

Durmuş

Duijts

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Breastfeeding has a protective effect on childhood obesity, but the influences on body composition in early childhood are not known. The objective of this study is to assess whether the duration and exclusiveness of breastfeeding, and the timing of introduction of solid foods are associated with the subcutaneous fat mass in early childhood. Subjects/Methods: This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study among 779 children. Peripheral (biceps, triceps) and central (suprailiacal and subscapular) subcutaneous fat mass was measured as skinfold thickness at the ages of 1.5, 6 and 24 months. Results: Breastfeeding duration was not associated with subcutaneous fat mass at the age of 1.5 months. Shorter breastfeeding was associated with higher peripheral and total subcutaneous fat mass at the age of 6 months (P-value for trend o0.05), but not at the age of 24 months. As compared to children who were exclusively breast fed for 4 months, those who were non-exclusively breast fed had a higher central fat mass at the age of 24 months (P-value for trend o0.01). Timing of introduction of solid foods was not associated with subcutaneous fat mass. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a shorter duration and non-exclusive breastfeeding affect early body composition during the first 2 years of life. Follow-up studies at older ages are needed to explore the long-term consequences.

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“…[65][66][67][68][69] Breastfeeding also has positive physiological effects on brain development, glucose metabolism and gut and immune functioning, all of which may affect obesity risk. Potential mechanisms explaining these associations include physiological and metabolic effects of breastfeeding, effects on growth rate, facilitated learning of self-regulation in breastfed infants and confounding by sociodemographic correlates of both breastfeeding and healthy weight outcomes.…”

Section: Postnatal Suckling Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental influence on children's early eating environments and obesity risk: implications for prevention

2010

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Most childhood obesity prevention efforts have focused on school-age children and adolescents and have had limited success. We argue that the first years of life, including the prenatal period, the postnatal suckling period and the transition to the modified adult diet, may provide opportunities for preventive interventions. These early periods are characterized by high plasticity and rapid transitions, and parents have a high degree of control over children's environments and experiences. Observational and experimental evidence reveal persistent effects of early environments on eating behavior and obesity risk, suggesting that interventions should be tested during these early periods. The central task parents have in early development points to their potential as key targets and agents of change in early preventive interventions. In this paper, we review evidence of early environmental effects on children's eating and obesity risk, highlighting ways that parental feeding practices and parents' own behaviors impact these outcomes and calling for further experimental research to elucidate whether these factors are indeed promising targets for childhood obesity preventive interventions.

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Infant feeding method and obesity: body mass index and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements at 9–10 y of age from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

Abstract: The protective association of breastfeeding with mean total fat mass was attenuated somewhat after adjustment for confounders, which indicated that confounding may explain this association. Breastfeeding may protect against obesity if maintained for >or=6 mo.

Cited by 94 publications

References 43 publications

Maternal diet, breastfeeding and adolescent body composition: a 16-year prospective study

Maternal diet, breastfeeding and adolescent body composition: a 16-year prospective study

Infant diet and subcutaneous fat mass in early childhood: The Generation R Study

Parental influence on children's early eating environments and obesity risk: implications for prevention

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