Infant feeding effects on early neurocognitive development in Asian children

Cai, Shirong; Pang, Wei Wei; Low, Yen Ling; Sim, Lit Wee; Sam, Suet Chian; Bruntraeger, Michaela; Wong, Eric; Fok, Doris; Broekman, Birit F.P.; Singh, Leher; Richmond, Jenny L.; Agarwal, Pratibha; Qiu, Anqi; Saw, Seang Mei; Yap, Fabian; Godfrey, Keith M.; Gluckman, Peter D.; Chong, Yap Seng; Meaney, Michael J.; Kramer, Michael S.; Rifkin‐Graboi, Anne

doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.095414

Cited by 50 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…[21] Infants were delivered between November 2009 and May 2011. A subgroup of mother and child dyads took part in neurocognitive assessments between June 2010 and May 2013 when the children were 6 months (n = 473), 18 months (n = 431), and 24 months (n = 514) of age [22]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…473 subjects who underwent one or more of the neurocognitive assessments met the eligibility criteria: 357 at 6 months, 327 at 18 months and 398 at 24 months. Non-participation at each stage was detailed in Cai et al [22], briefly non-participation could be due to lack of interest, busy schedules, inability to reach the participants or their dropout from the cohort study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the testing procedures have been previously described [22]. Briefly, we assessed memory (habituation at 6 months; deferred imitation at 6, 18 and 24 months; relational binding at 6 months) and attention [visual expectation and auditory oddball ERP at 6 and 18 months], together with a global measure based on the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) which includes five subscale scores for cognition, expressive and receptive language and both fine and gross motor function [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed protocol was previously described [22] (details in S1 Supporting Information). Briefly, the children were presented with the sound syllables “ma” and “na.” The presentation of “ma” vs “na” as the standard sound was counterbalanced.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Gestational Diabetes on Neurodevelopment of Children in the First Two Years of Life: A Prospective Study

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveAnalyze the relation of gestational diabetes and maternal blood glucose levels to early cognitive functions in the first two years of life.MethodsIn a prospective Singaporean birth cohort study, pregnant women were screened for gestational diabetes at 26–28 weeks gestation using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Four hundred and seventy three children (n = 74 and n = 399 born to mothers with and without gestational diabetes respectively) underwent neurocognitive assessments at 6, 18, and/or 24 month, including electrophysiology during an attentional task and behavioral measures of attention, memory and cognition.ResultsGestational diabetes is related to left hemisphere EPmax amplitude differences (oddball versus standard) at both six (P = 0.039) and eighteen months (P = 0.039), with mean amplitudes suggesting offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes exhibit greater neuronal activity to standard stimuli and less to oddball stimuli. Associations between 2-hour maternal glucose levels and the difference in EPmax amplitude were marginal at 6 months [adjusted β = -0.19 (95% CI: -0.42 to +0.04) μV, P = 0.100] and significant at 18 months [adjusted β = -0.27 (95% CI: -0.49 to -0.06) μV, P = 0.014], and the EPmax amplitude difference (oddball-standard) associated with the Bayley Scales of Infant and toddler Development-III cognitive score at 24 months [β = 0.598 (95% CI: 0.158 to 1.038), P = 0.008].ConclusionGestational diabetes and maternal blood glucose levels are associated with offspring neuronal activity during an attentional task at both six and eighteen months. Such electrophysiological differences are likely functionally important, having been previously linked to attention problems later in life.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Gestational Diabetes on Neurodevelopment of Children in the First Two Years of Life: A Prospective Study

et al. 2016

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“…Although we evaluated indirect effects through which breastfeeding might affect neurodevelopment, such as infant nutritional status and iron nutriture, the effect was better explained as direct in SEMs. Similarly, in a group of Asian toddlers, increased exposure to breastfeeding was associated with higher scores on tests of both expressive and receptive language, 26 and higher BSID-III scores on all subscales except gross motor among Greek toddlers. 27 Differences in affected subscales by feeding practices among studies may be due to the differences in defining practices, timing of neurodevelopmental testing, as well as analytic approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Mechanistic Pathways From Early Gestation Through Infancy and Neurodevelopment

et al. 2016

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OBJECTIVE: To identify pathways through which pre-and postnatal factors directly or indirectly affect infant neurodevelopment at 12 months of age among Filipino infants. METHODS:The Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition was used to assess the development of 314 infants of mothers enrolled in a trial examining the safety and efficacy of praziquantel during pregnancy. Maternal covariates included socioeconomic status, iron and nutritional status, cognitive performance, and alcohol intake. Infant covariates included birth weight and feeding practices, longitudinal growth and nutritional status, hemoglobin and iron status captured at birth, and 6 and 12 months of age. Multivariable regression and structural equation modeling were used to identify significant factors associated with infant development. RESULTS:In regression models, maternal education, cognition, and iron status as well as infant weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), weight-for-length z-score, and WAZ gains were significantly associated with infant development at 12 months of age. Structural equation modeling demonstrated a direct effect of maternal cognition on most subscales of infant development and indirect effects on expressive language through effects on infant WAZ. Maternal iron status was a stronger predictor of infant cognition subscale scores than was infant iron status. Exclusive breastfeeding had a direct influence on expressive language rather than acting through improved infant iron or nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS:We identified key modifiable risk factors for impaired neurodevelopment, including prenatal risk factors such as maternal iron status. Integrated nutritional interventions that impact both maternal and infant nutritional status are likely to positively affect infant neurodevelopment through identified pathways. Dr Park conceptualized and designed the study, completed data analysis, drafted the original manuscript, and revised and reviewed the manuscript; Drs Baltazar and Tallo designed the data collection instruments and coordinated and supervised data collection at all sites; Drs Ayaso and Monterde designed the data collection instruments, received training in administration of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition, and administered these tests, and assessed nutritional status of infants at their follow-up visits; Dr Acosta developed study protocols, WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Studies have identifi ed independent risk factors for impaired infant neurodevelopment, including birth weight, nutritional status, and feeding practices, yet few examined the pathways through which these factors directly or indirectly infl uence infant neurodevelopment. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:A longitudinal examination of risk factors from early gestation to 12 months of age identifi ed mechanistic pathways through which known (maternal cognition, infant nutrition) and newly identifi ed (maternal iron status) risk factors impact neurodevelopment.

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Developmental assessments during the first 5 years of life in infants fed breast milk, cow's milk formula, or soy formula

Bellando

McCorkle

Spray

et al. 2020

Food Science & Nutrition

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Objective To investigate the effects of infant feeding mode on childhood cognition and language as the differential effects of infant feeding on development remain understudied. Methods Breastfed [BF, 174], cow's milk‐based formula‐fed [MF, 169], or soy protein‐based formula‐fed [SF, 161] children were longitudinally tested from age 3 to 60 months for neurodevelopment. Data were analyzed using mixed models while adjusting for multiple covariates. Sex differences were also assessed. Results Standard scores were within established norms for all groups. There were no differences in mental development to age 24 months, yet BF children had significantly higher motor development scores at age 3 months than SF children (99.1 versus. 97.2). BF children had significantly higher composite intelligence scores at 48 months than MF and SF children (113.4 versus. 109.6 and 108.4, respectively) and higher verbal intelligence scores than SF children at 48 (105.6 versus. 100.7) and 60 months (109.8 versus. 105.9). Greater total language scores at ages 36 and 48 months were found in BF children compared with children fed MF or SF ( p < .001), with differences between sexes for auditory comprehension. Higher total language scores at age 60 months were found between BF and SF (105.0 versus. 100.1). Conclusion Breastfeeding was associated with small, statistically significant, differences between children ages 3 and 5 years in verbal intelligence, expressive communication, and auditory comprehension with the latter having potential sexual dimorphic effects. Yet, these differences remain small and may not be of clinical relevance. Overall, MF and SF did not significantly differ.

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Infant feeding effects on early neurocognitive development in Asian children

Cited by 50 publications

References 63 publications

The Influence of Gestational Diabetes on Neurodevelopment of Children in the First Two Years of Life: A Prospective Study

The Influence of Gestational Diabetes on Neurodevelopment of Children in the First Two Years of Life: A Prospective Study

Mechanistic Pathways From Early Gestation Through Infancy and Neurodevelopment

Developmental assessments during the first 5 years of life in infants fed breast milk, cow's milk formula, or soy formula

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