Infant Development in the Developing World

Engle, Patrice L.

doi:10.1002/9781444327588.ch6

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Pollution is associated with negative health outcomes in infants (DeRegnier & Desai, 2010;Engle, 2010;Evans, 2006;Walker et al, 2011). However, other characteristics of children, such as living in poverty, are correlated with exposure to pollution, and these factors independently predict bad outcomes.…”

Section: Methodological and Measurement Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution and Infant Health

Currie

2013

Child Dev Perspectives

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In this article, I review recent research showing that even relatively low levels of pollution can affect infants' health. This research attempts to go beyond documenting correlations by using sharp changes in pollution levels, carefully selecting control groups (including unexposed siblings as controls for exposed children), and considering behavioral responses to pollution such as maternal mobility. Poor and minority children are more likely to be affected and differential exposure could be responsible for some of the observed group-level differences in health at birth. Policymakers concerned about the roots of inequality should consider the role played by environmental exposures of pregnant mothers.

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Section: Methodological and Measurement Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution and Infant Health

Currie

2013

Child Dev Perspectives

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“…Potentially remediable poverty-linked developmental risk factors found in both high and low-middle income countries are shown in Table 1. In interpreting Table 1, it is essential to recognize that in both high- (Beeber, Perreira, & Schwartz, 2008;Masten et al, 2014;Vernon-Feagans et al, 2013) and low-middle income countries (Engle, 2010;Wachs & Rahman, 2013) risk factors co-vary, such that at risk children and their families are likely to simultaneously encounter multiple risks. For example, in low-and middle-income countries, children living in refugee camps are at greater risk for infectious diseases (Hershey et al, 2011) and maternal depression co-varies with compromised child nutrition and quality of parenting (Wachs & Rahman, 2013).…”

Section: Comparing Risk and Protective/promotive Factors In Both High-and Low-middle Income Countries Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, poverty can be defined as a function of absolute income (daily income < US$1.25), relative income (family income relative to median national income) or temporally (persistent versus intermittent; Chen et al, 2010). While definitional differences are one explanation for individual variation evidence from both high (Chen et al, 2010;Duncan, 2012;Masten et al, 2014;Yeung et al, 2002) and low-middle income countries (Dercon, 2012;Engle, 2010;Engle & Black, 2008;Patel, 2009) also shows systematic variability in the consequences of poverty as a function of specific child, caregiver, family, and community characteristics. These findings indicate that the impact of poverty on development is not a main effect but rather probabilistic in nature (Engle & Black, 2008;Wachs, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such information is a necessary precursor for developing effective interventions to promote the development of children reared in poverty. However, the bulk of developmental science research on poverty-development links has been carried out in high-income Western countries (Bornstein et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2010) whereas the great majority of children growing up in poverty live in low-and middle-income non-Western countries (Engle, 2010;Grantham-McGregor et al, 2007). The gap between knowledge base (high-income countries) and need (low-and middle-income countries) is problematical, given that the nature of associations or pathways between poverty, risk protective/promotive factors, and child outcomes can vary across countries (Boyle et al, 2006;Ungar et al, 2007;Wachs, 2015;see also Lopez Boo, 2016;Santibanez & Fagioli, 2016) or between regions within a country (Woldehanna, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

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More than poverty

Wachs

Cueto

Yao

2016

International Journal of Behavioral Development

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Studies from both high and low-middle income (LAMI) countries have documented how being reared in poverty is linked to compromised child development. Links between poverty and development are mediated by the timing and extent of exposure to both risk factors nested under poverty and to protective influences which can attenuate the impact of risk. While children from high-, middle-, and low-income countries are exposed to similar types of developmental risks, children from low- and middle-income countries are exposed to a greater number, more varied and more intense risks. Given these contextual differences, cumulative risk models may provide a better fit than mediated models for understanding the nature of pathways linking economic insufficiency and developmental inequality in low- and middle-income countries, and for designing interventions to promote development of children from these countries. New evidence from a large scale UNICEF data set illustrates the application of a cumulative risk/protective perspective in low- and middle-income countries.

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“…The association between maternal depression and reduced infant growth, especially stunting, is demonstrated by several new studies, with possible contributions from lack of responsive feeding and early cessation of breastfeeding in depressed mothers . Risk factors for maternal depression, such as poverty, low levels of education, lack of empowerment, and poor social support, are also risk factors for suboptimal ECD, suggesting that the relationship between maternal depression and poor child development is likely to be interactional and multifactorial rather than linear.…”

Section: Penetration Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging paraprofessionals and family strengths to improve coverage and penetration of nutrition and early child development services

Tomlinson

Rahman

Sanders

et al. 2013

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Children need to be protected in intergenerational networks, with parents who have positive mood, resources to feed their children, and skills to promote early childhood development (ECD). Globally, more than 200 million children are raised annually without these resources. This article reviews the potential contributions of increasing coverage and penetration of services for these children, challenges to achieving penetration of services in high risk families, the opportunities created by bundling multiple services within one provider, the potential leveraging of paraprofessionals to deliver care, and mobilizing communities to support children in households at high risk for negative outcomes. We end with a number of suggestions for how to ensure the equitable scale up of integrated ECD and nutrition services that take into account current global priorities, as well as coverage and penetration of services.

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Infant Development in the Developing World

Cited by 3 publications

References 54 publications

Pollution and Infant Health

Pollution and Infant Health

More than poverty

Leveraging paraprofessionals and family strengths to improve coverage and penetration of nutrition and early child development services

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