Infant and Adult Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Rural Bassa and Urban Settlers from Nigeria

Ayeni, Funmilola A.; Biagi, Elena; Rampelli, Simone; Fiori, Jessica; Soverini, Matteo; Audu, Haruna J.; Cristino, Sandra; Caporali, Leonardo; Schnorr, Stephanie L.; Carelli, Valério; Brigidi, Patrizia; Candela, Marco; Turroni, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.018

Cited by 135 publications

(130 citation statements)

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“…Stool metabolites originating from rice bran were identified in both Nicaragua and Malian infants, providing additional confirmation of compliance to the dietary intervention 73 . As predicted, we observed and reported exceptionally distinct profiles for both the stool microbiome and metabolome composition of infants between Mali and Nicaragua at all ages 40,53,74 and therefore separately discussed the response to rice bran supplementation by region. For example, the nearly 5-fold increased stool detection of indolepropionate in rice bran infants compared to control from Nicaragua represents a tryptophan metabolite produced by the gut microbiota that may influence the developing immune system and intestinal homeostasis 75, 76 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…A study limitation and possible confounder of rice bran modulation to infant gut measures was that the percentage of exclusively breastfed infants was lower and delivery mode varied in the Nicaragua cohort (<50%) between groups, which was in contrast to the Mali site that had 100% of children that were breastfed and had vaginal delivery. These are key considerations to evaluating microbiomes of children with EED that have been characterized as less mature 52 , and with varied structure by geographical location 53 , diet deficiencies 54–58 , environmental exposures 53,59,60 and host factors 59, 61 . Thus, we did expect changes in both the stool microbiome and metabolome that occurred over time with growth, and notably the microbial taxa and metabolites associated with the improved growth in rice bran groups also differed at 8 months in both countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiome and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali

Zambrana

McKeen

Ibrahim

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Rice bran supplementation provides nutrients, prebiotics and phytochemicals that enhance gut immunity, reduce enteric pathogens in mice and diarrhea in neonatal pigs, and warranted attention for improvement of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in children at risk. EED is a condition that drives childhood stunting via intestinal dysbiosis and impaired nutrient metabolism. This study investigated effects of rice bran supplementation on growth, EED biomarkers, gut microbiome and metabolome in weaning infants from 6 to 12 months old in Nicaragua and Mali. Healthy infants were randomized to a control group or rice bran group that received daily supplementation at increasing doses each month. Stool microbiomes were characterized using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Stool metabolomes were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Statistical comparisons were completed at 6, 8, and 12 months of age. Daily consumption of rice bran was safe and feasible for infant growth, decreasing alpha-1 antitrypsin levels, and modulating gut microbiome and metabolome when compared to control. Rice bran merits investigation as a practical intervention strategy that could decrease EED prevalence and risk for children from low- and middle-income countries where rice is grown as a staple food, and bran is used as animal feed or wasted.One Sentence SummaryDietary rice bran supplementation during infant weaning from 6-12 months of age improved growth outcomes, modulated environmental enteric dysfunction biomarkers, and supported metabolism by the gut microbiome.The authors declare no competing financial or non financial interests to disclose as defined by Nature Research. There are also no other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Dr. Elizabeth Ryan (e.p.ryan@colostate.edu).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiome and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali

Zambrana

McKeen

Ibrahim

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Whereas the direction of compositional shifts (such as decrease in Succinivibrio or Prevotella, and increase in Bacteroides or Allistipes) along the urbanization gradient was consistent with those previously observed when comparing populations with different industrialization 1,3,5 or urbanization 20,21,23,39 levels, we found little evidence of diversity loss, which usually accompanies industrialization [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Together with other studies reporting inconsistent findings regarding the difference in diversity between neighbouring rural and urban populations 20,21,23 , this suggests that the bacterial diversity loss might mostly occur between urban areas from minimally industrialized countries and urban areas from highly industrialized countries. Interestingly, this might also be the case for commensal gut eukaryotes, as the prevalence of Entamoeba sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Response of the human gut and saliva microbiome to urbanization in Cameroon

Lokmer

Aflalo

Amougou

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Urban populations from highly industrialized countries are characterized by a lower gut bacterial diversity as well as by changes in composition compared to rural populations from less industrialized countries. to unveil the mechanisms and factors leading to this diversity loss, it is necessary to identify the factors associated with urbanization-induced shifts at a smaller geographical scale, especially in less industrialized countries. to do so, we investigated potential associations between a variety of dietary, medical, parasitological and socio-cultural factors and the gut and saliva microbiomes of 147 individuals from three populations along an urbanization gradient in cameroon. We found that the presence of Entamoeba sp., a commensal gut protozoan, followed by stool consistency, were major determinants of the gut microbiome diversity and composition. interestingly, urban individuals have retained most of their gut eukaryotic and bacterial diversity despite significant changes in diet compared to the rural areas, suggesting that the loss of bacterial microbiome diversity observed in industrialized areas is likely associated with medication. finally, we observed a weak positive correlation between the gut and the saliva microbiome diversity and composition, even though the saliva microbiome is mainly shaped by habitat-related factors.Humans living in urban areas from highly industrialized countries host less diverse gut microbiomes than those in rural areas from the less industrialized ones. This effect of industrialization (as we refer to it hereafter) has been reported by numerous studies comparing urban areas in Europe or North America with rural ones in Africa, Asia or South America 1-8 . Loss in alpha diversity is further accompanied by systematic shifts in bacterial composition (see e.g. 9,10 ). Despite crucial implications for human health 11,12 , the factors responsible for these ecological changes are still unclear. Two main (non-exclusive) hypotheses have been proposed: (i) decreased consumption of dietary fibers 13,14 and (ii) improved sanitation and access to medical care (including antibiotics 15 ). In addition, geographical latitude could be a confounding factor, given that it is a proxy for the diversity of environmental bacteria 16 . Indeed, the only two studies that did not find a loss of diversity with industrialization were studies considering rural populations not living in a warm tropical environment 17,18 .To disentangle various factors potentially leading to this observed diversity loss, some authors focused on smaller geographical scales, contrasting urban and rural individuals from the same countries (referred to hereafter as the effect of urbanization). Such studies reported inconsistent results: no significant differences in Russia 19 and Nigeria 20 , some differences in China 21 , and season and altitude dependent shifts in Mongolia 22 and India 23 , respectively. These discrepancies can be partially explained by different definitions of rural areas used in these studies (from iso...

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“…All currently available studies exploring the disappearing GM are based on the comparison between Western urban and traditional rural populations. 3–6, 14–16 Consistently, the observed GM differences are likely to be the result of the combined action of several covariates in addition to the diet – i.e. ethnicity, geographical origin, climate, subsistence, medication, hygiene and life sharing – and do not allow to weight the importance of the single determinants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome response to a modern Paleolithic diet in a Western lifestyle context

Barone

Turroni

Rampelli

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The progressive reduction of gut microbiome (GM) biodiversity along human evolutionary history has been found to be particularly exacerbated in Western urban compared to traditional rural populations, and supposed to contribute to the increasing incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Together with sanitation, antibiotics and C-section, the Western diets, low in microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) while rich in industrialized and processed foods, are considered one of the leading causes of this shrinkage. However, significant questions remain unanswered, especially whether high-MAC low-processed diets may be sufficient to recover GM diversity in Western urban populations. Here, we profiled the GM structure of urban Italian subjects adhering to the modern Paleolithic diet (MPD), a dietary pattern featured by high consumption of MACs and low-to-zero intake of refined sugars and processed foods, and compared data with other Italian individuals following a Mediterranean Diet (MD), as well as worldwide traditional hunter-gatherer populations from previous publications. Notwithstanding a strong geography effect on the GM structure, our results show an unexpectedly high degree of GM biodiversity in MPD subjects, which well approximates that of traditional populations. Increasing the consumption of MACs at the expense of refined sugars, and minimizing the intake of processed foods, both hallmarks of the MPD, could be the key to rewild the Western microbiota, counteracting the loss of GM diversity and thus restoring evolutionarily important functionality to our gut for improved human health.

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Infant and Adult Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Rural Bassa and Urban Settlers from Nigeria

Cited by 135 publications

References 44 publications

Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiome and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali

Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiome and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali

Response of the human gut and saliva microbiome to urbanization in Cameroon

Gut microbiome response to a modern Paleolithic diet in a Western lifestyle context

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