Inexpensive and green electrochemical sensor for the determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry in bivalve mollusks
“…A time of 100 s, as pre-concentration time for all measurements were selected. At 100 s, the modified electrodes' sensitivity is similar or better than that reported in the literature with other electrodes after 150 s accumulation times [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], which means that the new electrodes are could save analysis time. Figure 4 Charge versus analyte preconcentration time.…”
The evaluation of glassy carbon (GC) electrodes modified with a Nafion (Nf) film and doped with nanoalloys (Nys) deposits of Ag–Hg and Ag–Bi and their application to determination of Cd (II) and Pb(II) in marine sediments, is described. Deposited Ag–Hg and AgBi Nys have a size of approximately ~80 nm dispersed and embedded inside the booths of the Nf net, while other of them remained on Nf net surface. For the AgBiNysNf-GC electrode, a detection limit (DL), 3 s criterion, slightly higher than for the AgHgNysNf-GC modified electrode was obtained. Accuracy of measurements was asserted by comparison with quantification of Cd and Pb in three sets of marine sediments samples previously analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The values of the standard deviation and the coefficients of variation are very low, and also comparable between the different determinations.
“…A time of 100 s, as pre-concentration time for all measurements were selected. At 100 s, the modified electrodes' sensitivity is similar or better than that reported in the literature with other electrodes after 150 s accumulation times [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], which means that the new electrodes are could save analysis time. Figure 4 Charge versus analyte preconcentration time.…”
The evaluation of glassy carbon (GC) electrodes modified with a Nafion (Nf) film and doped with nanoalloys (Nys) deposits of Ag–Hg and Ag–Bi and their application to determination of Cd (II) and Pb(II) in marine sediments, is described. Deposited Ag–Hg and AgBi Nys have a size of approximately ~80 nm dispersed and embedded inside the booths of the Nf net, while other of them remained on Nf net surface. For the AgBiNysNf-GC electrode, a detection limit (DL), 3 s criterion, slightly higher than for the AgHgNysNf-GC modified electrode was obtained. Accuracy of measurements was asserted by comparison with quantification of Cd and Pb in three sets of marine sediments samples previously analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The values of the standard deviation and the coefficients of variation are very low, and also comparable between the different determinations.
“…117 The doping and co-doping of GQDs generates additional coordination sites and provides more defects in the structure of prepared GQDs which eventually improves the physical and chemical properties, for example, chemical reactivity, optical properties, and electronic framework of GQDs by tuning their intrinsic properties. 85,120 These heteroatom doped GQDs based biosensors have thus provided a new platform for early diagnosis of several diseases, improved biological agents, bioenvironmental monitoring, and safety assessment. Therefore, these GQDs become suitable probes for various sensing applications.…”
“…Cu(II), as a proverbial interference ion, would hinder the stripping voltammetry signals of Pb(II), especially on a bismuth film-modified electrode. The interference mechanism was elucidated as follows: Cu(II) would be preferentially electroplated on the electrode surface compared with the Bi and Pb, and the above metal ions would form mixed intermetallic compounds [11][12][13]46], which could severely interfere with the detection of Pb(II) by using SWASV method on the bismuth-film modified electrode.…”
Section: Masking Effect Of Ferricyanide On the Cu(ii) Interferencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…A variety of HMs can be recognized using stripping peak potentials, and the amplitude of stripping peak currents is proportional to the concentration of corresponding HMs [11]. However, the presence of copper ion (Cu 2+ ), which was found to be the largest interference ion, would seriously hinder the stripping signals of Pb 2+ [12], especially on the WE containing bismuth material [13], further decreasing the detection accuracy of the SWAVS method. The negative effect may be due to the formation of intermetallic Bi-Cu and Cu-Pb compounds [14,15] and the competition for active sites on the WE surface [16].…”
In this study, an effective method for accurately detecting Pb(II) concentration was developed by coupling square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) with support vector regression (SVR) based on a bismuth-film modified electrode. The interference of different Cu2+ contents on the SWASV signals of Pb2+ was investigated, and a nonlinear relationship between Pb2+ concentration and the peak currents of Pb2+ and Cu2+ was determined. Thus, an SVR model with two inputs (i.e., peak currents of Pb2+ and Cu2+) and one output (i.e., Pb2+ concentration) was trained to quantify the above nonlinear relationship. The SWASV measurement conditions and the SVR parameters were optimized. In addition, the SVR mode, multiple linear regression model, and direct calibration mode were compared to verify the detection performance by using the determination coefficient (R2) and root-mean-square error (RMSE). Results showed that the SVR model with R2 and RMSE of the test dataset of 0.9942 and 1.1204 μg/L, respectively, had better detection accuracy than other models. Lastly, real soil samples were applied to validate the practicality and accuracy of the developed method for the detection of Pb2+ with approximately equal detection results to the atomic absorption spectroscopy method and a satisfactory average recovery rate of 98.70%. This paper provided a new method for accurately detecting the concentration of heavy metals (HMs) under the interference of non-target HMs for environmental monitoring.
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