Inertance Tube Optimization for Pulse Tube Refrigerators

Radebaugh, Ray; Lewis, Michael Alexander Oxenham; Luo, E.; Pfotenhauer, John M.; Nellis, Gregory; Schunk, L. A.

doi:10.1063/1.2202401

Cited by 54 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The porosity of Regenerator III has a larger influence with a lower mean temperature. As a result, it is more difficult to achieve an ideal phase shift provided by the cold inertance tube at the warm end of the pulse tube with the mass flow and the pressure being in phase in the middle of the regenerator (Radebaugh et al, 2006). With this situation, the performances of Regenerator II and Regenerator I will be severely degraded for CASE 1.…”

Section: Influence Of the Regenerator Materials On The Performance Ofmentioning

confidence: 96%

Performance of a precooled 4 K Stirling type high frequency pulse tube cryocooler with Gd2O2S

Jiang

Gan

et al. 2014

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The efficiency of 4 K Stirling type pulse tube cryocoolers (SPTCs) is rather low due to significant regenerator losses associated with the unique properties of helium around 4 K and the high operating frequencies. In this paper, regenerator performance at liquid helium temperature regions under high frequencies is investigated based on a single-stage SPTC precooled by a two-stage Gifford-McMahon type pulse tube cryocooler (GMPTC). The 4 K SPTC used a 10 K cold inertance tube as phase shifters for better phase relationship between pressure and mass flow. The effect of the operating parameters, including frequency and average pressure on the performance of the 4 K SPTC, was investigated and the first and second precooling powers provided by the GMPTC were obtained. To reduce the regenerator heat transfer losses, a multi-layer regenerator matrix, including Gd 2 O 2 S (GOS) and HoCu 2 , was used instead of a single-layer HoCu 2 around 4 K. A theoretical and experimental comparison between the two types of regenerator materials was made and the precooling requirements for a regenerator operating at high frequencies to reach liquid helium temperatures were given, which provided guidance for the design of a three-stage SPTC.

show abstract

Section: Influence Of the Regenerator Materials On The Performance Ofmentioning

confidence: 96%

Performance of a precooled 4 K Stirling type high frequency pulse tube cryocooler with Gd2O2S

Jiang

Gan

et al. 2014

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In pulse tube cryocoolers the phase at the warm end of the pulse tube needs to be about -60° to achieve φ c = -30°. With a Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler operating at 30 Hz, a -60° phase at the pulse tube warm end is possible only with a sufficiently large acoustic power flow at the inertance tube entrance [11]. When the warm end of the pulse tube is at a low temperature, such as 30 K, the desired phase can be achieved with less acoustic power.…”

Section: Effect Of Phase Angle φ C Hot Temperature and Pressure Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Calculations for a 30 Hz, 4 K Regenerator With Helium-3 Working Fluid

Radebaugh¹,

Huang²,

O'Gallagher³

et al. 2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The NIST numerical software, REGEN3.3, which incorporates both He-4 and He-3 properties, was used to calculate the losses and second law efficiencies of 4 K regenerators operating at 30 Hz. Operating parameters, such as average pressure, pressure ratio, and warm-end temperature were varied to investigate the effect of non-ideal gas properties. Regenerator parameters such as matrix material and shape, hydraulic diameter, and regenerator geometry were varied to investigate losses due to non-ideal regenerator behavior. The results show that He-3 can increase the regenerator efficiency by a factor of at least two compared to a regenerator optimized for He-4. A layered regenerator of gadolinium oxysulfate (GOS) at the cold end and ErPr at the warm end is the best of many material combinations. A regenerator with parallel holes of about 20 % porosity showed only slight improvement over one with packed spheres. The regenerator warm-end temperature has little effect on its efficiency for temperatures below 35 K and pressures of 1.0 MPa and above. An optimized 4 K He-3 regenerator uses layered GOS and ErPr with the warm end at about 30 K and an average pressure of about 1.0 MPa. With those optimum conditions a reduced regenerator loss of 0.36 and a regenerator second law efficiency of 25 % are achieved.

show abstract

“…In the regions where β > 0, pulse tube coolers will operate in the usual fashion with the mass flow and pressure oscillations close to being in phase [13]. For coolers starting near room temperature, a cooler could reach ≈ 2.2 K using 4 He and ≈ 1 K using 3 He.…”

Section: Pure 3 He and 4 He Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultimate Temperature of Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

Kittel¹,

Weisend²

2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An ideal pulse tube cryocooler using an ideal gas can operate at any temperature. This is not true for real gasses. The enthalpy flow resulting from the real gas effects of 3 He, 4 He, and their mixtures in ideal pulse tube cryocoolers puts limits on the operating temperature of pulse tube cryocoolers. The discussion of these effects follows a previous description of the real gas effects in ideal pulse tube cryocoolers and makes use of models of the thermophysical properties of 3 He and 4 He. Published data is used to extend the analysis to mixtures of 3 He and 4 He.The analysis was done for pressures below 2 MPa and temperatures below 2.5 K. Both gasses and their mixtures show low temperature limits for pulse tube cryocoolers. These limits are in the 0.5-2.2 K range and depend on pressure and mixture. In some circumstances, even lower temperatures may be possible. Pulse tube cryocoolers using the two-fluid properties of dilute 3 He in superfluid 4 He appear to have no limit.

show abstract

Inertance Tube Optimization for Pulse Tube Refrigerators

Cited by 54 publications

References 5 publications

Performance of a precooled 4 K Stirling type high frequency pulse tube cryocooler with Gd2O2S

Performance of a precooled 4 K Stirling type high frequency pulse tube cryocooler with Gd2O2S

Optimization Calculations for a 30 Hz, 4 K Regenerator With Helium-3 Working Fluid

Ultimate Temperature of Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About