Inequitable access to Ebola vaccines and the resurgence of Ebola in Africa: A state of arts review

Abdul‐Rahman, Toufik; Lawal, Lukman; Meale, Emily; Ajetunmobi, Oyinbolaji A.; Toluwalashe, Soyemi; Alao, Uthman Hassan; Ghosh, Shankhaneel; Garg, Neil; Aborode, Abdullahi Tunde; Wireko, Andrew Awuah; Mehta, Aashna; Sikora, Kateryna

doi:10.1002/jmv.28986

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the prepared immunosensor was effective in the screening of anti-ZIKV antibodies in real serum samples. Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a deadly epidemic with a lethality rate of up to 50% 80 . EVD is a zoonotic disease caused by the Ebola virus (EBOV).…”

Section: Application Of Electrochemical Protein Sensors In the Detect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVD is a zoonotic disease caused by the Ebola virus (EBOV). In addition to being transmitted by fruit bats and nonhuman primates, EBOV can be transmitted through direct contact with infected bodily fluids 80 . The detection of carriers of EBOV is necessary for effective disease management.…”

Section: Application Of Electrochemical Protein Sensors In the Detect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection: progress and opportunities

Guo,

Zhao,

Huang

et al. 2024

Microsyst Nanoeng

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The development of artificial intelligence-enabled medical health care has created both opportunities and challenges for next-generation biosensor technology. Proteins are extensively used as biological macromolecular markers in disease diagnosis and the analysis of therapeutic effects. Electrochemical protein biosensors have achieved desirable specificity by using the specific antibody–antigen binding principle in immunology. However, the active centers of protein biomarkers are surrounded by a peptide matrix, which hinders charge transfer and results in insufficient sensor sensitivity. Therefore, electrode-modified materials and transducer devices have been designed to increase the sensitivity and improve the practical application prospects of electrochemical protein sensors. In this review, we summarize recent reports of electrochemical biosensors for protein biomarker detection. We highlight the latest research on electrochemical protein biosensors for the detection of cancer, viral infectious diseases, inflammation, and other diseases. The corresponding sensitive materials, transducer structures, and detection principles associated with such biosensors are also addressed generally. Finally, we present an outlook on the use of electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection for the next few years.

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Section: Application Of Electrochemical Protein Sensors In the Detect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Electrochemical Protein Sensors In the Detect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection: progress and opportunities

Guo,

Zhao,

Huang

et al. 2024

Microsyst Nanoeng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, palpable vaccine hesitancy has been reported amongst communities targeted in the vaccination programs. The hesitancy is more often pronounced in poor segments of society and finds its roots in an intricate web of fear, stigma, traditional cultural practices, and misconceptions about the vaccine in most affected communities [14,21,22]. Adding to the complexity, the region has reported fragile health infrastructure and a suboptimal demand for health services [23].…”

Section: Promising Strategies For Ebola Prevention and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shielding Africa, Protecting the World: Unleashing the Power of Preventative Use of Ebola Vaccines

Tegegne,

Gitahi,

Kimathi

et al. 2024

IJIDT

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Africa CDC recently conducted a comprehensive risk ranking assessment of epidemic-prone diseases across the continent, identifying Ebola as one of the top 19 infectious diseases with the highest scores in disease severity risk and epidemic potential. The Ebolaviruses first described in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in 1976 have left a harrowing trail across sub-Saharan Africa, triggering no less than 34 Ebola outbreaks in 11 sub-Saharan Africa countries, a statistic further compounded by the recent outbreak in Uganda in 2022. At present, the World Health Organization (WHO) has approved two Ebola vaccines, including Ervebo and two-component Zabdeno and Mvabea boost vaccines, for use by individuals above the age of 1 year, including pregnant women as per the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) recommendations. The use of these vaccines has demonstrated noteworthy efficacy in safeguarding against Ebola in most African communities and frontline health workers in Ebola-endemic countries such as Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia, among others. Unfortunately, the uptake of these vaccines in Ebola-endemic countries remains dishearteningly constrained despite their availability due to, among other things, the unpredictable timing of outbreaks, sub-optimal surveillance, vaccine demand volatility, palpable vaccine hesitancy, and fragile health infrastructure. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach that includes a synergy of partnerships between governments, communities, development partners, and private sector partners, such as pharmaceuticals. Recognizing that outbreaks originate and seize at the community level, the imperative of confronting hesitancy through sustained proactive community engagement and utilizing promising vaccination strategies such as ring vaccination must be encouraged. Governments must increase investments to strengthen the regulatory environment for timely access to vaccine stockpiles, robust and cost-effective Ebola vaccination programs for at-risk populations, and preventative use for the health workforce. The International Coordinating Group (ICG) on Vaccine Provision also recommends that national and international health authorities initiate vaccine access by submitting a request to the ICG. This opportunity is at no cost for GAVI-eligible countries and on a reimbursement basis for non-eligible countries. In parallel, Africa CDC is also working closely with Member States on the continent to increase availability and access to medical countermeasures, which include therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostics, making it critical that Africa CDC is included in the ICG. This will promote timely issue profiling and resolution for increased demand for vaccine stockpiles across the continent where they are needed most as the continent moves towards enhanced health security.

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Ebola Virus Disease Outbreaks: Lessons Learned From Past and Facing Future Challenges

Dembek,

Hadeed,

Tigabu

et al. 2024

Military Medicine

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Introduction The purpose of this review is to examine African Ebola outbreaks from their first discovery to the present, to determine how the medical and public health response has changed and identify the causes for those changes. We sought to describe what is now known about the epidemiology and spread of Ebola virus disease (EVD) from the significant outbreaks that have occurred and outbreak control methods applied under often challenging circumstances. Given the substantial role that the U.S. Government and the U.S. DoD have played in the 2014 to 2016 West African Ebola outbreak, the role of the DoD and the U.S. African Command in controlling EVD is described. Materials and Methods A descriptive method design was used to collect and analyze all available Ebola outbreak literature using the PubMed database. An initial literature search was conducted by searching for, obtaining, and reading original source articles on all major global Ebola outbreaks. To conduct a focused search, we used initial search terms “Ebola outbreak,” “Ebola virus disease,” “Ebola response,” “Ebola countermeasures,” and also included each country’s name where Ebola cases are known to have occurred. From the 4,673 unique articles obtained from this search and subsequent article title review, 307 articles were identified for potential inclusion. Following abstract and article review, 45 original source articles were used to compile the history of significant Ebola outbreaks. From this compilation, articles focused on each respective subsection of this review to delineate and describe the history of EVD and response, identifying fundamental changes, were obtained and incorporated. Results We present known Ebola virus and disease attributes, including a general description, seasonality and location, transmission capacity, clinical symptoms, surveillance, virology, historical EVD outbreaks and response, international support for Ebola outbreak response, U.S. DoD support, medical countermeasures supporting outbreak response, remaining gaps to include policy limitations, regional instability, climate change, migration, and urbanization, public health education and infrastructure, and virus persistence and public awareness. Conclusions The health and societal impacts of EVD on Africa has been far-reaching, with about 35,000 cases and over 15,000 deaths, with small numbers of cases spreading globally. However, the history of combatting EVD reveals that there is considerable hope for African nations to quickly and successfully respond to Ebola outbreaks, through use of endemic resources including Africa CDC and African Partner Outbreak Response Alliance and the U.S. African Command with greater DoD reachback. Although there remains much to be learned about the Ebola virus and EVD including whether the potential for novel strains to become deadly emerging infections, invaluable vaccines, antivirals, and public health measures are now part of the resources that can be used to combat this disease.

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Inequitable access to Ebola vaccines and the resurgence of Ebola in Africa: A state of arts review

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

Electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection: progress and opportunities

Electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection: progress and opportunities

Shielding Africa, Protecting the World: Unleashing the Power of Preventative Use of Ebola Vaccines

Ebola Virus Disease Outbreaks: Lessons Learned From Past and Facing Future Challenges

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