Inequality of energy intensities across OECD countries: a note

Escolano, Vicent Alcántara; Duro, Juan Antonio

doi:10.1016/s0301-4215(03)00095-8

Cited by 103 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the field of energy economics, Alcántara and Duro (2004) use the Theil index for analysing the inequality in energy intensity across OCDE countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality in CO2 emissions across countries and its relationship with income inequality: A distributive approach

2006

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This paper analyses the inequality in CO 2 emissions across countries (and groups of countries) and the relationship of this inequality with income inequality across countries for the period . The research employs the tools that are usually applied in income distribution analysis. The methodology used here gives qualitative and quantitative information on some of the features of the inequalities across countries that are considered most relevant for the design and discussion of policies aimed at mitigating climate change.The paper studies the relationship between CO 2 emissions and GDP and shows that income inequality across countries has been followed by an important inequality in the distribution of emissions. This inequality has diminished mildly, although the inequality in emissions across countries ordered in the increasing value of income (inequality between rich and poor countries) has diminished less than the "simple" inequality in emissions. Lastly, the paper shows that the inequality in CO 2 emissions is mostly explained by the inequality between groups with different per capita income level. The importance of the inequality within groups of similar per capita income is much lower and has diminished during the period, especially in the low-middle income group.

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“…In the field of energy economics, Alcántara and Duro (2004) use the Theil index for analysing the inequality in energy intensity across OCDE countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality in CO2 emissions across countries and its relationship with income inequality: A distributive approach

2006

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“…Compared to other indicators as Gini index, Mean deviation and Atkinson index, the Theil index is an appealing inequality index measuring regional differences, since it can be easily broken down into two synthetic components, i.e., within-group inequality component and between-group inequality component [11]. Alcantara and Duro proposed the use of Theil index to analyze international energy intensity differences among OECD countries, and found that the OECD countries reduced their differences in terms of energy intensity between 1971 and 1999 [12]. In this paper, the basic Theil index can be defined as follow:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variation and Distribution of Urban Energy Consumptions from Cities in China

Zhang

Liang

et al. 2010

Energies

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Abstract:With support of GIS tools and Theil index, the spatial variance of urban energy consumption in China was discussed in this paper through the parallel comparison and quantitative analysis of the 30 provincial capital cities of mainland China in 2005, in terms of scale, efficiency and structure. The indicators associated with urban energy consumption show large spatial variance across regions, possibly due to diversities of geographic features, economic development levels and local energy source availability in China. In absolute terms, cities with the highest total energy consumption are mostly distributed in economic-developed regions as Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Area, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta of China, however, the per capita urban energy use is significantly higher in the Mid-and-Western regions. With regard to the energy mix, coal still plays the dominant role and cities in Mid-and-Western regions rely more on coal. In contrast, high quality energy carrier as electricity and oils are more used in southeast coastal zone and northern developed areas. The energy intensive cities are mainly located in the northwest, while the cities with higher efficiency are in southeast areas. The large spatial variance of urban energy consumption was also verified by the Theil indices. Considering the Chinese economy-zones of East, Middle and West, the within-group inequalities are the main factor OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2011, 4 27 contributing to overall difference, e.g., the Theil index for per capita energy consumption of within-group is 0.18, much higher than that of between group (0.07), and the same applies to other indicators. In light of the spatial variance of urban energy consumptions in China, therefore, regionalized and type-based management of urban energy systems is badly needed to effectively address the ongoing energy strategies and targets.

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“…Among others, the following studies have been made: Wodon (1997, 2000), Sun (2002), Alcántara and Duro (2004), Hedenus and Azar (2005), Padilla and Serrano (2006), Duro and Padilla (2006), Ezcurra (2007), Cantore and Padilla (2010) or Duro, Alcántara and Padilla (2010). 1 The literature on the measurement of inequality, which initially focused on the analysis of income distribution, has a long tradition and was strongly influenced by the work of Theil (1967), Atkinson (1970), Sen (1983) and Cowell (1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the automatic application of inequality indexes in the analysis of the international distribution of environmental indicators

Duro

2012

Ecological Economics

Self Cite

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In recent years traditional inequality measures have been used to quite a considerable extent to examine the international distribution of environmental indicators. One of its main characteristics is that each one assigns different weights to the changes that occur in the different sections of the variable distribution and, consequently, the results they yield can potentially be very different. Hence, we suggest the appropriateness of using a range of well-recommended measures to achieve more robust results. We also provide an empirical test for the comparative behaviour of several suitable inequality measures and environmental indicators. Our findings support the hypothesis that in some cases there are differences among measures in both the sign of the evolution and its size. JEL codes: D39; Q43; Q56.

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Inequality of energy intensities across OECD countries: a note

Cited by 103 publications

References 4 publications

Inequality in CO2 emissions across countries and its relationship with income inequality: A distributive approach

Inequality in CO2 emissions across countries and its relationship with income inequality: A distributive approach

Spatial Variation and Distribution of Urban Energy Consumptions from Cities in China

On the automatic application of inequality indexes in the analysis of the international distribution of environmental indicators

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