Inequality in China – Trends, Drivers and Policy Remedies

Jain-Chandra, Sonali; Khor, Niny; Mano, Rui; Schauer, Johanna; Wingender, Philippe; Zhuang, Juzhong

doi:10.5089/9781484357538.001

Cited by 82 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…• Increasing social transfers to poor households (Jain-Chandra et al, 2018). As shown in an earlier analysis (Section II.D), the gap in household savings is notably larger for poor households.…”

Section: The Roles Of the State And Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…9 Using a heterogeneous agent overlapping generations model, He et al (2017) show that precautionary motives, caused by the dramatic reduction of pension generosity in urban China, contributed to a 5.2 percentage point increase in the household savings rate from 1995 to 2009. 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 -Chandra et al, 2018). Access to health care remains an issue for migrant workers, reflecting only gradual progress in "Hukou reform."…”

Section: Social Safety Netmentioning

confidence: 99%

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China's High Savings: Drivers, Prospects, and Policies

Zhang¹,

Brooks²,

Ding³

et al. 2018

IMF Working Papers

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China's high national savings rate-one of the highest in the world-is at the heart of its external/internal imbalances. High savings finance elevated investment when held domestically, or lead to large external imbalances when they flow abroad. Today, high savings mostly emanate from the household sector, resulting from demographic changes induced by the one-child policy and the transformation of the social safety net and job security that occured during the transition from planned to market economy. Housing reform and rising income inequality also contribute to higher savings. Moving forward, demographic changes will put downward pressure on savings. Policy efforts in strengthening the social safety net and reducing income inequality are also needed to reduce savings further and boost consumption.

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Section: The Roles Of the State And Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Social Safety Netmentioning

confidence: 99%

China's High Savings: Drivers, Prospects, and Policies

Zhang¹,

Brooks²,

Ding³

et al. 2018

IMF Working Papers

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although spatial inequality as well as within rural inequality are on declining trends, inequality within urban areas has increased sharply. According to International Monetary Fund reports, the measured contribution of within‐urban inequality in total income inequality rose from 25% to 45% between 2005 and 2014 (Jain‐Chandra et al, ). This has been traced back to inequalities between local and migrant populations.…”

Section: Selected Highlights Of China's Economic and Social Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How women have fared in the labour market with China's rise as a global economic power

Wang

Klugman

2020

Asia & Pacific Policy Stud

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Under a centrally planned system, China made significant achievements in gender equality. Half a century later, China has joined the ranks of upper-middleincome countries, and decades of rapid growth have accompanied major structural changes in the economy.We assess the evolution of women's economic opportunities during the period, focusing on labour force participation, occupational segregation, leadership in business, and the gender wage gap, as well as informal sector employment and migration. We undertake a review of existing research and conduct new empirical analysis using a combination of data sources, including four waves of Chinese population census data through 2010, and province-level migration data. We focus especially on migrant women, a group typically excluded from similar studies. Although investments in human capital have advanced prospects for better-paid jobs for women, we find that rapid economic growth has not alleviated discrimination against women rooted in cultural and social norms and that the implementation of existing laws designed to protect and support women needs to improve.

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“…The second key feature of the household energy consumption in China is the significant increasement difference and gap between urban and rural areas. In fact, urban-rural differences and regional gap are long-standing problems in China [88,89] and result in a considerable number of studies from different perspectives towards the long-run sustainability, such as poverty and income inequality [90]. As one of the key indicators measuring sustainability, "access to electricity," which refers to "the percentage of people in a given area that have relatively simple, stable access to electricity", plays a vital role in sustainable development [91].…”

Section: Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features, Driving Forces and Transition of the Household Energy Consumption in China: A Review

2019

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Household energy consumption has been a major contributor to the increase in global energy demand and carbon emission, and the household sector has also become one of the most crucial factors shaping the management of developments towards sustainability. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the household energy consumption in China. Due to the vast territory and the differences among regional conditions, it is critical to conduct a systemic review to illustrate the overall situation as well as the detailed mechanisms of the household energy consumption in China. By employing both qualitative and quantitative methods, two key features of the household energy consumption in China are presented; one is regarding the total amount and the structure of the household energy consumption, and the second is the significant urban-rural gap. The driving forces are investigated from the perspective of external determinants and internal determinants, which consist of seven key factors; finally, the transition roadmap towards the sustainable energy system for the household level are presented based on the text analysis from the four key policy documents. Weaknesses in the current research on the energy geography of household level also exist, such as the lack of single factor research and the lack of integration and comprehensive analysis. Therefore, future studies need to strengthen the research of regional household energy consumption structure, spatial-temporal process, and its motivation mechanism, and sustainable development of energy, so as to explore space-social structure of household energy consumption and spatial-temporal interaction.

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Inequality in China – Trends, Drivers and Policy Remedies

Cited by 82 publications

References 41 publications

China's High Savings: Drivers, Prospects, and Policies

China's High Savings: Drivers, Prospects, and Policies

How women have fared in the labour market with China's rise as a global economic power

Features, Driving Forces and Transition of the Household Energy Consumption in China: A Review

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