Inequality and the Measurement of Residential Segregation by Income in American Neighborhoods

Watson, Tara

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.2009.00346.x

Cited by 248 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Si bien la relación existente entre desigualdad y segregación residencial en Chile ha sido objeto de análisis y debate (Agostini, 2010;Ruiz-Tagle & López, 2014;Sabatini & Brain, 2008;Sabatini, Cáceres & Cerda, 2001;Sanhueza & Larrañaga, 2007;Watson, 2009), lo relevante es que esta segregación expresa y reproduce en el territorio las desigualdades y exclusiones sociales.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Se introduce, además, un índice que captura la continuidad del ingreso: el Centile Gap Index (cgi) (Watson, 2009).…”

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“…Tanto en 1992 como en 2002, la segregación del 10% de mayores ingresos presenta niveles del índice de disimilitud en torno a 0,53, es decir, más de un 53% de este grupo debería cambiar su residencia a sectores menos homogéneos para lograr una integración perfecta en el espacio. Al mismo tiempo, si bien la segregación de los pobres en el Gran Santiago ostenta niveles comparables con los de áreas metropolitanas en Estados Unidos (Iceland & Wilkes, 2006), la medida cgi es sustancialmente mayor, análoga solo a la de las áreas metropolitanas más segregadas de Norteamérica (Watson, 2009). Finalmente, y en contraste con Sabatini et al (2010), nuestras estimaciones sugieren un alza estadísticamente significativa de la segregación residencial entre los años 1992 y 2002.…”

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“…Una solución a este problema, planteada por Watson (2009), es utilizar el Centile Gap Index (cgi), una medida que estima cuán distante está el ingreso de un hogar promedio en un área (una manzana o un distrito censal, por ejemplo), en términos de percentil, respecto al ingreso del hogar que está en la mediana de la distribución en la misma área metropolitana (la ciudad), comparado con qué tan distante estaría el mismo hogar si hubiera integración total. La fórmula matemática para el Centile Gap Index es la siguiente:…”

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Segregación residencial de ingresos en el Gran Santiago, 1992-2002: una estimación robusta

et al. 2016

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resumen | El desarrollo económico de Chile en las últimas décadas ha impactado fuertemente el crecimiento de las ciudades y la forma en que las desigualdades sociales se reflejan espacialmente en ellas. Medir con precisión la segregación urbana es, así, relevante, pues además permite diseñar políticas públicas que reduzcan sus efectos negativos. Sin embargo, mediciones previas en Chile tienen limitaciones metodológicas que restringen su validez y comparabilidad. En el presente estudio se utiliza una nueva metodología que combina datos de encuestas con información censal, a fin estimar ingresos de hogares y, con ello, indicadores precisos y estadísticamente robustos de segregación residencial. Adicionalmente, se estima un indicador de segregación que captura de mejor forma el hecho de que los ingresos son una variable continua. Los resultados muestran que la segregación de los más pobres es mayor que la de los más ricos, que aumentó entre 1992 y 2002, y que existe, además, una heterogeneidad importante en la contribución de cada comuna a la segregación en Santiago. palabras clave | áreas metropolitanas, segregación, distribución espacial. ' development abstract | Chile's economic development in recent decades has greatly impacted cities

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Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Se introduce, además, un índice que captura la continuidad del ingreso: el Centile Gap Index (cgi) (Watson, 2009).…”

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Segregación residencial de ingresos en el Gran Santiago, 1992-2002: una estimación robusta

et al. 2016

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“…Secondly, increasing income inequality generates intensified selective mobility because of the increased disparities between the rich and poor in the resources available to spend on housing. For example, in the US, increasing income segregation has been associated with increasing inequality among individuals (Reardon and Bischoff 2011;Watson 2009). Also, the decline in the proportion of middle-income neighbourhoods seems to correspond to a similar decline in the proportions of middle-income families in the overall population (Booza et al 2006).…”

Section: Neighbourhood Change and Structural Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Exchange Components in Processes of Neighbourhood Change: A Social Mobility Approach

Modai-Snir

Ham

2018

Appl. Spatial Analysis

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Neighbourhood socioeconomic change is a complex phenomenon which is driven by multiple processes. Most research has focused on the role of urbanlevel processes, which lead to an exchange of relative positions among neighbourhoods of a single metropolitan area. Consequently, the effects of structural processes on neighbourhood socioeconomic change, such as overall income growth or decline, and increasing inequality, have been neglected. This is reflected in the standard methodological practices; the common measures of neighbourhood change exclude the effect of overall growth or decline and confound the effects of urban processes with the effect of increase in inequality. This paper proposes a method that was originally developed for understanding income mobility of individuals, to decompose total neighbourhood socioeconomic change measured in absolute terms into its contributing components. The approach enables to take account of all processes that generate neighbourhood socioeconomic change, while distinguishing between them. The method is demonstrated in an empirical analysis of neighbourhood socioeconomic change across 22 metropolitan areas in the US. The findings indicate that structural processes can be most substantial in generating change. Neighbourhood socioeconomic change in 'superstar cities' is mostly generated by the growth in overall incomes, with a relatively low contribution of increasing inequality. Conversely, in declining cities it is mostly driven by overall decline and increasing inequality. An additional finding relates to the interaction between urban processes and increasing inequality. These processes work in opposite directions such that any increase in positions of low-income neighbourhoods can be totally offset by an income decrease due to increasing inequality.Appl. Spatial Analysis

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Gated Communities ( CID )

McKenzie

2019

The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies

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The term “gated community” is used generically to describe private common interest housing known as “CIDs,” and specifically to describe neighborhoods with entry controls, hardened perimeters, and internal surveillance. CIDs, including gated communities, have become the predominant form of new housing construction in the United States and many other countries. The academic literature on these communities focuses on the ways in which their private governance structures depart from liberal‐democratic norms, and how they are related to increasing segregation by income. There is an emerging literature on their financial sustainability.

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Inequality and the Measurement of Residential Segregation by Income in American Neighborhoods

Cited by 248 publications

References 29 publications

Segregación residencial de ingresos en el Gran Santiago, 1992-2002: una estimación robusta

Segregación residencial de ingresos en el Gran Santiago, 1992-2002: una estimación robusta

Structural and Exchange Components in Processes of Neighbourhood Change: A Social Mobility Approach

Gated Communities ( CID )

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