Inequalities in the twenty-first century: Introducing the IFS Deaton Review

Joyce, Robert; Xu, Xiaowei

doi:10.1920/bn.ifs.2019.idrbn1

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our findings, if causal and generalizable to younger cohorts, may have implications for overall population health but also for age-related disease as prevention of morbidity and disability in old age could be achieved by improving early-life mental health . The rising levels of early-life and midlife psychological distress in more recently born cohorts point to early-life mental health being one of the drivers of the increases in midlife mortality caused by deaths due to drug and alcohol poisonings, suicide, chronic liver diseases, and cirrhosis and perhaps to the recent stagnation of life expectancy in the UK . The observed link with markers of health and mortality implies that generational differences in early-life mental health may partly underlie the observed expansion of morbidity in the UK .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Early-Life Mental Health With Biomarkers in Midlife and Premature Mortality

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE Early-life mental health is known to be associated with socioeconomic adversity and psychological distress in adulthood, but less is known about potential associations with biomarkers and mortality.OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between early-life mental health trajectories with biomarkers in midlife and premature mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used data from the British National Child Development Study, a population-based birth cohort. The initial sample of 17 415 individuals consisted of all infants born in Great Britain in a single week in 1958. Analysis began Feburary 2017 and ended May 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Biomarkers collected at age 44 to 45 years were fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, glycated hemoglobin, high-and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, forced expiratory volume, blood pressure, and waist-to-hip ratio. Information on all-cause mortality was available up to age 58 years and cause-specific mortality up to age 50 years. RESULTS Biomarkers were analyzed from 9377 participants (age, 44-45 years, 4712 female [50.3%]) and mortality data from 15 067 participants (age, 58 years; 7379 female [49.0%]).A 4-group longitudinal typology of early-life conduct problems and affective symptoms was identified: (1) stable low, (2) teacher-identified adolescent onset, (3) moderate, and (4) stable high. Compared with the stable-low group, the stable-high (B, 2.308; 95% CI, 0.213-4.404) and teacher-identified adolescent-onset (B, 2.114; 95% CI, 0.725-3.503) groups had less favorable levels of fibrinogen in middle age. Effect modification was observed by sex (P < .005) such that compared with the stable-low group, differences in high-density lipoprotein and abdominal obesity were only observed in female individuals. The stable-high and teacher-identified adolescent-onset groups had elevated risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.878; 95% CI, 1.412; 95% CI,). Psychopathology-associated mortality was higher in both groups but unintentional injuries-associated mortality only in the stable-high group.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Experiencing affective symptoms and conduct problems in childhood and adolescence is associated with less favorable levels of biomarkers 28 years later and elevated risk of premature mortality. These findings, if causal and generalizable to younger cohorts, may imply that effective interventions on early-life mental health have the potential to shift the distribution of risk and improve population health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Early-Life Mental Health With Biomarkers in Midlife and Premature Mortality

et al. 2021

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“…Significant elements of the working class were drawn into the orbit of a socialist left and their principled advocacy of collective action. The trade union movement at all levels was transformed with significant leftward swings at district, regional and shop steward level, bringing to positions of influence a diverse layer of socialist activists, including left-wingers in the Labour Party, members of the Communist Party of Great Britain, as well as representatives of both orthodox and unorthodox Trotskyism (Kelly, 1988).…”

Section: Crisis Utopian Socialisms and Neoliberal Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The share of income going to the 1% richest households tripled from 3% in the late 1970s to around 8% today. Life expectancy at birth -which had steadily increased between 1981 and 2010 -has stalled since 2011 and will likely decrease once excess deaths associated with the imposition of austerity and the mismanagement of the Covid-19 pandemic are considered (Joyce & Xu, 2019). Further, such class inequalities are overdetermined by the stubborn persistence of gendered and racialised inequalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lines of descent of the present crisis

Virdee

2023

The Sociological Review

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The neoliberal settlement has been comprehensively destabilised by the 2007 financial crisis, the imposition of austerity, growing social inequalities and the emergence of populism as a social force. This article explores why institutional opposition to this settlement has principally taken a nationalist form in Britain. It does so through a history of the present by tracing the labyrinthine lines of descent and the social forces and conflicts from which the contemporary moment emerged. In particular, I show how the conditions for the emergence of these nationalist projects were produced incrementally over time and through a series of interrelated social processes. These included the caesura of the 1970s and the shift from Fordist to flexible regimes of accumulation secured by extinguishing the educated hope generated by an increasingly multi-ethnic politics and language of class; the bipartisan commitment to neoliberalism; the racialisation of class through state multiculturalism; and the long-term failure to arrest the structural decline of non-urban localities caused by the technical decomposition of class. In this explanation, the 2007 financial crash and the continuing indifference of the political elites to the deepening injuries of class and locality constituted an accelerant placed on an already emergent crisis of representation helping to engineer a transformation in the political opportunity structure by opening a space for nationalist mobilising structures to fill the political vacuum.

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“…4,5 Spending on health and social care did not keep pace with rising demand, leading to declining service access and outcomes. 4,6 A phenomenon first described in the USA of rising mid-age mortality (aged 45-54 years) from 'deaths of despair' -that is deaths from suicide, drug and alcohol overdoses, and alcoholic liver disease -has now been observed in England and Wales 7 and in Scotland, 8,9 with growing evidence that an increase in mortality at mid-age is contributing to a widening of inequalities in the age of death in the UK. 3,10 This alarming loss of life did not occur suddenly.…”

Section: Health In Britain Before 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

Same storm, different boats: can the UK recapture improving life expectancy trends?

Hiam

Patel

2021

J R Soc Med

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to devastating loss of life and livelihood across the world. It has resulted in falls in life expectancy, a widely used summary measure of contemporary age-specific mortality rates, in most European countries. 1 In England and Wales, life expectancy has fallen by 0.9 and 1.2 years for women and men, respectively, when compared to 2019. 2 These falls are, however, part of a longer-term trend that began long before the COVID-19 pandemic. For the past decade, life expectancy in the UK has been stalling, and falling in some regions and social groups, and inequality in age at death has been rising. 3 In this piece, we consider the health of the UK population before the pandemic, compare this to the health of the populations in the USA and Japan, as investigated in a recent paper, 3 and ask if it is possible to recapture previous improving life expectancy trajectories.

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Inequalities in the twenty-first century: Introducing the IFS Deaton Review

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

Association of Early-Life Mental Health With Biomarkers in Midlife and Premature Mortality

Association of Early-Life Mental Health With Biomarkers in Midlife and Premature Mortality

The lines of descent of the present crisis

Same storm, different boats: can the UK recapture improving life expectancy trends?

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