Inequalities in Educational Outcomes: How Important Is the Family?

Abstract

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Intergenerational health mobility: Evidence from Danish registers

“…The literature on intergenerational mobility may overlook important components of family background by focusing on a single parental resource (Björklund & Jäntti, 2009; Bredtmann & Smith, 2018; Mazumder, 2008; Solon, 1999), that is, . Ultimately, what should be relevant for gauging equality of opportunity is whether health status is reproduced according to general family background, not the correlation of child health with one specific parental variable (i.e., parental health).…”

Sibling correlation in risk attitudes: evidence from Burkina Faso

“…Björklund et al (2010) found an 18% reduction in the sibling correlation in income after controlling for father's occupation. Bredtmann and Smith (2016) show that controlling separately for mother's (father's) occupation decreases the sibling correlation in completing upper secondary education by 23% (21%). Hederos Eriksson et al (2016) study the different factors that could potentially explain why siblings are similar in terms of their criminal behaviour.…”

Does Income Inequality Lead to Education Inequality? A Cross Sectional Study of Pakistan

“…Beyond this point, the psychic cost increases exponentially but the wage does not increase at the same rate. This outcome was complemented by others (Bredtmann & Smith, 2018;Savasci, & Tomul, 2013;Stromquist & Monkman, 2014) suggesting that a person gets an education based on its expected payout. There are other factors involved such as gender, average number of siblings and average income to needs ratio of the household; these factors do not increase the expected payout of education but they do influence the psychic cost of education (Bhopal, 2019;Chioda, 2016;Pervaiz & Akram, 2018).…”

“…This study proposed indicators such as the size of the household, age of the individual, gender of the individual, and income inequality in the family as possible determinants of educational inequality (Bredtmann & Smith, 2018). Since educational inequality may also lead to income inequality of the individual, this study used an instrumental GMM model to counter the endogeneity problem.…”

“…The income inequality of the family leads to failure in attaining higher education by their children, so any means employed to reduce inequality or to ease educational attainment by the government will lead to lower inequality in education (Bredtmann & Smith, 2018;Chioda, 2016). The government must promote child education insurance or provide additional support to low-income households to manage their expenditures, helping them to self-sustain as better qualified youth will be raised, leading to higher household incomes (Arteaga, 2018;Khalid, 2018;Lindahl et al, 2015).…”