and is an extensive review of the performance of buried flexible culverts, with special emphasis on buckling failure modes. This review was requested in the approval of the current Phase II of the project by FHWA.The purpose of the review of buckling failure modes was to determine more precisely the nature and scope of research which would be valuable. The review accomplished this purpose and recommendations involving controlled experiments on appropriately instrumented, full sized, buried flexible conduits is presented.This has been the direction planned for continuation of this approved research. Some relevant field measurements were also investigated.The results showed that buckling is an important failure mode, especially for pipe arches; that controlling deflections (to less than 5%) does not automatically guard against buckling failures; that present methods for predicting performance limits (not restricted to buckling) are poorly developed; that current design criteria are empirically based, and are applicable primarily to corrugated steel culverts up to 12' in diameter supported by compacted, granular backfill; and that much could be gained from additional research involving controlled experiments on appropriately instrumented, full-sized, buried flexible conduits.Recommendations regarding the nature and scope of these experiments are given.17.