Industry Test of Perforation Anode in Aluminium Electrolysis Technology

Tian, Yuan; Li, Hesong; Wei, Longhe; Cao, Xi; Yin, Jianguo

doi:10.1002/9781118663189.ch97

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

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Section: Slotted or Perforated Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A gas bubble layer is produced on the bottom of the anodes due to the electrolysis reaction [49,53]. The discharge distance for the anode gas can be reduced by using anodes that are both slotted and perforated (as in Figure 7) [49] or perforated all the way from top to bottom [53]. This will decrease the penetration depth and the residence time for the anode gas in the molten bath as well as the thickness of the bubble layer [49,53].…”

Section: Slotted or Perforated Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discharge distance for the anode gas can be reduced by using anodes that are both slotted and perforated (as in Figure 7) [49] or perforated all the way from top to bottom [53]. This will decrease the penetration depth and the residence time for the anode gas in the molten bath as well as the thickness of the bubble layer [49,53]. In turn, this leads to reduced back reaction between the anode gases and the molten aluminium and thus increases the current efficiency [49,53].…”

Section: Slotted or Perforated Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will decrease the penetration depth and the residence time for the anode gas in the molten bath as well as the thickness of the bubble layer [49,53]. In turn, this leads to reduced back reaction between the anode gases and the molten aluminium and thus increases the current efficiency [49,53]. The reduced bubble layer thickness also results in reduced cell voltage [49,53,54].…”

Section: Slotted or Perforated Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In turn, this leads to reduced back reaction between the anode gases and the molten aluminium and thus increases the current efficiency [49,53]. The reduced bubble layer thickness also results in reduced cell voltage [49,53,54]. Both the increased current efficiency and the reduced voltage result in a decrease of the power demand for the electrolysis [49,53].…”

Section: Slotted or Perforated Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of measures for improved energy efficiency in production-related processes in the aluminium industry – From electrolysis to recycling

Haraldsson

Johansson

2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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The aluminium industry is facing a challenge in meeting the goal of halved greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, while the demand for aluminium is estimated to increase 2-3 times by the same year. Energy efficiency will play an important part in achieving the goal. The paper's aim was to investigate possible production-related energy efficiency measures in the aluminium industry. Mining of bauxite and production of alumina from bauxite are not included in the study. In total, 52 measures were identified through a literature review. Electrolysis in primary aluminium production, recycling and general measures constituted the majority of the 52 measures. This can be explained by the high energy intensity of electrolysis, the relatively wide applicability of the general measures and the fact that all aluminium passes through either electrolysis or recycling. Electrolysis shows a higher number of emerging/novel measures compared to the other processes, which can also be explained by its high energy intensity. Processing aluminium with extrusion, rolling, casting (shape-casting and casting of ingots, slabs and billets), heat treatment and anodising will also benefit from energy efficiency. However, these processes showed relatively fewer measures, which might be explained by the fact that to some extent, these processes are not as energy demanding compared, for example, to electrolysis. In many cases, the presented measures can be combined, which implies that the best practice should be to combine the measures. There may also be a future prospect of achieving carbon-neutral and coal-independent electrolysis. Secondary aluminium production will be increasingly important for meeting the increasing demand for aluminium with respect to environmental and economic concerns and strengthened competitiveness. Focusing on increased production capacity, recovery yields and energy efficiency in secondary production will be pivotal. Further research and development will be required for those measures designated as novel or emerging.

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Section: Slotted or Perforated Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Slotted or Perforated Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Slotted or Perforated Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Slotted or Perforated Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Slotted or Perforated Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Review of measures for improved energy efficiency in production-related processes in the aluminium industry – From electrolysis to recycling

Haraldsson

Johansson

2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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A Modelling of Heat Losses in Aluminium Reduction Cell with Slotted Anodes

Yang¹,

Li²,

Xu³

et al. 2014

Light Metals 2014

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Effects of the Application of a Perforated Anode in an Aluminum Electrolysis Cell on the Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow and Bubble Distribution Characteristics

Hou

Yuan

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In contrast to the original form of the anode, the perforated anode is a new kind of anode that can significantly reduce the bubble thickness while maintaining a stable electrolysis process. The bubble movement was simulated within physical and mathematical models of the flow field in the anode–cathode distance (ACD) area, in which the electrolyte solidification zone in the anode perforations was treated creatively as a porous medium. The flow field distribution and the bubble layer thickness in the ACD area were simulated. The influence of the process parameters, such as the electrolyte temperature and ACD, on the flow field was analyzed. The results show that compared with the regular anode and slotted anode, the use of the perforated anode reduces the thickness of the bubble layer by approximately 1.63 and 1.06 mm, respectively. The velocity of the electrolyte is positively correlated with the electrolyte temperature, anode width, and bubble layer thickness. The immersion depth of the anode and the interanode gap have little effect on the bubble thickness and flow field.

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Industry Test of Perforation Anode in Aluminium Electrolysis Technology

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Review of measures for improved energy efficiency in production-related processes in the aluminium industry – From electrolysis to recycling

Review of measures for improved energy efficiency in production-related processes in the aluminium industry – From electrolysis to recycling

A Modelling of Heat Losses in Aluminium Reduction Cell with Slotted Anodes

Effects of the Application of a Perforated Anode in an Aluminum Electrolysis Cell on the Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow and Bubble Distribution Characteristics

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