Industry 4.0 Learning Factory: A Canvas for Specifications

The Learning Factory through the Sustainability Lens

“…Policy changes in education and training should be made to reflect the demands and development of the digital era. This arrangement needs to be made in vocational schools [17,18] as well as higher education [19]. New teaching methods are being developed to train and educate the workforce that will have the necessary competencies to keep up with digitalization.…”

“…New teaching methods are being developed to train and educate the workforce that will have the necessary competencies to keep up with digitalization. Pedagogically, a learning factory (LF) is one of the best tools to use at the intersection of academic and industrial settings [18]. Learning factories realize work-based learning [20] and adopt the learning-centered approach as opposed to the traditional, one-way teaching-centered approach [16].…”

Integrated Carbon Capture and Utilization in the Cement Industry: A Comparative Study

“…Cement is one of the key ingredients of concrete, along with water and sand, and it has a global annual production of around 4 Gt, with further growth expected in the future . Although cement comprises only around 10% of the total weight of concrete, it contributes to approximately 70% of the greenhouse gas emissions associated with concrete production .…”

“…Although cement comprises only around 10% of the total weight of concrete, it contributes to approximately 70% of the greenhouse gas emissions associated with concrete production . Cement production has a typical carbon footprint between 600 and 900 kg of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) per ton of cement − and is responsible for 7% of all global CO 2 emissions . There are two main contributors for the CO 2 emissions during cement manufacturing, which are (i) the burning of fuel for heat generation (one-third) and (ii) calcination, i.e., the decomposition of CaCO 3 into CaO and CO 2 (around two-thirds).…”