Industrie 4.0: Enabling technologies

Abstract

With the development of industries, we have realized the third industrial revolution. Following the development of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), industrial wireless network and some other enabling technologies, the fourth industrial revolution is being gradually rolled out. This paper presents an overview of the background, concept, basic methods, major technologies and application scenarios for industrie 4.0. In our view, industrie 4.0 as an abstract concept can closely integrate the physical world with virtual world. This strategy of industrie 4.0 will lead to more and more people coming to participate in the manufacturing process and further popularize our products through CPS technology. The typical approach for industrie 4.0 is the social manufacturing. In fact, the social manufacturing can directly link our customers' need and our industries, but it must be based on the enabling technologies, such as embedded systems, wireless sensor network, industrial robots, 3D printing, cloud computing, and big data. Therefore, this paper in detail explains these concepts, advantages and the relations to industries. We can foresee that our life will be changed to be more efficient, fast, safe and convenient due to the development of industrie 4.0 in the near future. I. I NTRODUCTION As we know, Germany has one of the most competitive manufacturing industries in the world. This is due to its ability to manage complex industrial process where different tasks are performed by different partners in different geographical locations. It has been successfully employing Information and Communication Technology (lCT) to do this for several decades. As we know, approximately 90 percent of all industrial manufacturing chains are already supported by ICT. The Information Technology (IT) evolution has brought about a radical transformation of the world in which we live and work, with an impact comparable to that of mechanization and electricity in the first and second industrial revolutions. The evolution of PCs into smart devices has been accompanied by a trend for more and more IT infrastructure and services to be provided through smart networks. In conjunction with ever greater miniaturization and the unstoppable march of the internet, this trend is ushering in a world where ubiquitous computing is becoming a reality. Powerful, autonomous microcomputers (e.g., embedded systems) are increasingly being wirelessly networked with each other and with the internet [1]. This has resulted in the convergence of the physical world and the virtual world (cyberspace) in the form of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) [2].

A Reference Architecture for Integrating the Industrial Internet of Things in the Industry 4.0<strong> </strong><strong> </strong>

“…(a) domain communities; (b) internet-based system and service platforms; (c) business processes and services; (d) dynamic intelligent swamps of physical and human networks. Domain communities include: Agent-oriented Architecture (Ribeiro, Barata, and Ferreira, 2010), Object-oriented Architecture (Thramboulidis, 2015), Cloud optimised Virtual Object Architecture (Giordano, Spezzano, and Vinci, 2016), supported with Virtual Engineering Objects and Virtual Engineering Processes (Shafiq, Sanin, Szczerbicki, and Toro, 2015) with Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) connected devices and networks to the IoT (Wahlster et al, 2013); Internet-based system and service platforms (La and Kim, 2010;Wahlster et al, 2013;Wan, Cai, and Zhou, 2015;Weyer et al, 2015) are used to model CPS through the Web of Things (Dillon et al, 2011). In particular, cyber risk in I4.0 requires compiling of data, processes, devices and systems for advanced analytics (Evans and Annunziata, 2012;Shafiq, Sanin, Szczerbicki, and Toro, 2015) and connection to model-driven (robot-in-the-loop) manufacturing systems (Jensen, Chang, and Lee, 2011;Shi et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2014).…”

Future developments in standardisation of cyber risk in the Internet of Things (IoT)

“…In Section 6 we evaluate the design principles by conducting theoretical If the Cloud architecture is properly engineered, the security of the cloud instance is adequately maintained and the connectivity from cloud to Thing can be assured, then cyber risks can be reduced with cloud technologies (Ribeiro, Barata and Ferreira, 2010) (Thramboulidis, 2015) (Giordano, Spezzano and Vinci, 2016) (Shafiq et al, 2015) (Wahlster et al, 2013). To ensure cyber risk is reduced, cloud technologies should be supported with: internet-based system, service platforms (La and Kim, 2010;Dillon et al, 2011;Wahlster et al, 2013;Wan, Cai and Zhou, 2015;Weyer et al, 2015), processes, services (Stock and Seliger, 2016;Hussain, 2017) (Brettel et al, 2016;Hermann, Pentek and Otto, 2016;Wang et al, 2016), for machine decision making (Evans and Annunziata, 2012; Wang, 2013) (Wahlster et al, 2013;Shafiq et al, 2015). Creating cyber service architecture (La and Kim, 2010;Wang, Törngren and Onori, 2015;Weyer et al, 2015) and cloud distributed manufacturing planning (Wang, 2013;Wan, Cai and Zhou, 2015) (Faller and Feldmüller, 2015;Posada et al, 2015).…”

“…To ensure cyber risk is reduced, cloud technologies should be supported with: internet-based system, service platforms (La and Kim, 2010;Dillon et al, 2011;Wahlster et al, 2013;Wan, Cai and Zhou, 2015;Weyer et al, 2015), processes, services (Stock and Seliger, 2016;Hussain, 2017) (Brettel et al, 2016;Hermann, Pentek and Otto, 2016;Wang et al, 2016), for machine decision making (Evans and Annunziata, 2012; Wang, 2013) (Wahlster et al, 2013;Shafiq et al, 2015). Creating cyber service architecture (La and Kim, 2010;Wang, Törngren and Onori, 2015;Weyer et al, 2015) and cloud distributed manufacturing planning (Wang, 2013;Wan, Cai and Zhou, 2015) (Faller and Feldmüller, 2015;Posada et al, 2015). Cyber risk mitigation also require compiling of data, processes, devices and systems (Evans and Annunziata, 2012;Shafiq et al, 2015), connection to model-driven systems (Jensen, Chang and Lee, 2011;Shi et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2014), and model-based platforms (Stojmenovic, 2014;Ringert, Rumpe and Wortmann, 2015), for cyber manufacturing (Wahlster et al, 2013;Lee, Kao and Yang, 2014;Bauer et al, 2015;Wan, Cai and Zhou, 2015).…”

Fully automatic CNC machining production system

“…For example, a factory that accepts consumer orders and directly produces, and ships the required product will dispense of separate sales and circulation channels, which will have a strong impact on the traditional e-commerce sales model. Industry 4.0 will affect not only industry of Germany, or even international industrial development but will become a driving force [2].…”