“…Industry 4.0 is rapidly changing numerous industry sectors and enabling new business models (Cozmiuc and Petrisor, 2018) due to machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), the (industrial) Internet of Things ((I)IoT), data analysis techniques, and the latest developments in information and communication technologies (Liu et al, 2021;Fuller et al, 2020;Yun et al, 2020;Ren et al, 2018;Errandonea et al, 2020). One of the technologies under the Industry 4.0 umbrella is digital twins (DTs) (Rojek et al, 2021;Ho et al, 2021;Hsu et al, 2019).…”