Industrialization in times of China: Domestic-market formation in Angola

China-Angola Investment Model

“…The process was, according to her, supported by the economic engagement with China, on one hand due to the Chinese contracted projects which increased demand for building materials. Her study addresses the increasing volumes of foreign and domestic investment in food and beverages production but also in the export-oriented sectors like light manufacturing, even if these remain in the shadow of the much larger mining sector [14].…”

State‐led industrial development, structural transformation and elite‐led plunder: Angola (2002–2013) as a developmental state

“…While examples of poorly constructed facilities, facilities that remain unused due to a lack of qualified personnel or necessary equipment, and other problems do exist, these projects must be understood as part of an overall effort to rebuild and develop the country, putting in place the necessary foundations for economic growth and social development. In fact, Wolf (, ) argues that these Chinese projects had a significant impact on Angola's manufacturing sector, that Chinese construction projects contributed to domestic market formation, and that China's engagement in Angola, although primarily driven by natural resource considerations, has contributed to an emerging consumer demand base, especially in the food and beverages sectors.…”

“…Wolf (, ) argues that from the end of the civil war Angola did indeed manage to dramatically increase manufacturing output in areas beyond oil and gas. According to Wolf, China plays a key role in spurring demand for building materials which “can and increasingly are produced in Angola” and in increasing Angola's balance of payments position through its demand for raw materials.…”

“…According to Wolf, China plays a key role in spurring demand for building materials which “can and increasingly are produced in Angola” and in increasing Angola's balance of payments position through its demand for raw materials. Wolf () notes that Angola began a remarkable recovery in 2002 that by 2013 saw the country return to pre‐independence levels of manufacturing output. Noting that the Medium‐Term Industrial Restructuring Plan 2009–2013 and the National Industrialization Programme 2013–2017 outline the government's broad strategy for manufacturing, her work highlights the way the plans emphasize vertical and horizontal linkages and prioritize key sectors in which to develop comparative advantage through tax incentives for private investment and tariff protection.…”

“…Wolf () notes that among the least industrialized sub‐Saharan African countries, Angola has experienced the fastest rates of manufacturing sector growth, with Angolan manufacturing output per head increasing by nearly 250% by 2011 over the average level for 1996–2000. As examples, she points to Angola developing its own cement industry, and having significant success in reducing cement imports, and to a rapidly growing domestic food and beverages industry buoyed by foreign direct investment and high agricultural tariffs.…”