Industrial wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation–electrooxidation processes powered by solar cells

García-García, Alfredo; Martínez-Miranda, Verónica; Martínez-Cienfuegos, Iván G.; Almazán-Sánchez, Perla Tatiana; Castañeda-Juárez, Monserrat; Linares-Hernández, Ivonne

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.080

Cited by 100 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Further research is required to determine if the maximum contaminant removal in high ionic strength waters can match that of low ionic strength waters, and whether high ionic strength waters continue to be more energy efficient when removing contaminants to below drinking water standards. While optimizing the EC process for power consumption was beyond the scope of this work, previous researchers have suggested that the energy demands of EC could be met with photovoltaic cells3233 or offset by harvesting hydrogen gas from the EC process34.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of trace metal contaminants from potable water by electrocoagulation

Heffron

Marhefke

Mayer

2016

Sci Rep

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This study investigated the effects of four operational and environmental variables on the removal of trace metal contaminants from drinking water by electrocoagulation (EC). Removal efficiencies for five metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel) were compared under varying combinations of electrode material, post-treatment, water composition and pH. Iron electrodes out-performed aluminum electrodes in removing chromium and arsenic. At pH 6.5, aluminum electrodes were slightly more effective at removing nickel and cadmium, while at pH 8.5, iron electrodes were more effective for these metals. Regardless of electrode, cadmium and nickel removal efficiencies were higher at pH 8.5 than at pH 6.5. Post-EC treatment using membrane filtration (0.45 μm) enhanced contaminant removal for all metals but nickel. With the exception of lead, all metals exhibited poorer removal efficiencies as the ionic strength of the background electrolyte increased, particularly in the very high-solids synthetic groundwaters. Residual aluminum concentrations were lowest at pH 6.5, while iron residuals were lowest in low ionic strength waters. Both aluminum and iron residuals required post-treatment filtration to meet drinking water standards. EC with post-treatment filtration appears to effectively remove trace metal contaminants to potable water standards, but both reactor and source water parameters critically impact removal efficiency.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of trace metal contaminants from potable water by electrocoagulation

Heffron

Marhefke

Mayer

2016

Sci Rep

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“…As a result of electrolysis, charged particles are neutralized in raw wastewater and subsequently form flocs. It is possible to remove phenol, anions such as nitrate and nitrite, cations such as ammonia, and metals as well as COD, TOC, color and turbidity [35,[38][39][40][41][42]. This method has been implemented for a pilot project at Shazand Oil Refinery in Arak, Iran [43].…”

Section: Primary Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitfalls of Wastewater Treatment in Oil Refinery Enterprises in Kazakhstan—A System Approach

et al. 2019

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The present article is an assessment of wastewater treatment processes in the oil refinery sector in Kazakhstan by comparing relevant experience of developed and developing countries. The legislation in this sphere, the treatment methods, the discharge process and the effect on the environment were evaluated following international and national regulations. In our study, the wastewater systems in three factories in Kazakhstan were assessed. Results show that, even though the environmental regulation in Kazakhstan promotes the polluter pays principle and follows the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, the oil refinery plants in Kazakhstan still contain exceeding concentrations of pollutants in their effluents. One issue is that the local legislation allows disposal of wastewater to natural or artificial ponds as long as the concentrations of pollutants in effluents are less than the already existing concentrations in the pond. Consequently, the factories can use ponds with an initially high concentration of contaminants. The high initial concentration of pollutants in the pond water is due to wastewater discharged before the implementation of current environmental regulations. This issue in the current legislation leads to the situation where there is no incentive for efficient wastewater treatment. The national law also lacks regulations regarding which methodology should be used to assess the pollutants in the wastewater. Thus, the control by national environmental office for each enterprise is negotiated separately between the factory and the governmental body. This gives the factory a strong position to define the parameters assessing the effluents. This has led to none of the factories measuring, e.g., heavy metals in discharged wastewater. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentration in wastewater is often exceeded at each factory and there is no analysis done for different hydrocarbon fraction. To overcome the issues described in the present study, we strongly recommended a unified and transparent methodology for the country’s oil refinery industry to assess important pollutants in discharged wastewater.

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“…EC has been moreover successfully employed in the treatment of wastewater from textile factories, surfactants, food, semiconductors, chemical and mechanical polishing, restaurants, heavy metals, tannery, cellulose, and paper, etc. [23][24][25]. However, most assays cited in the literature were performed in laboratory scale reactors and few have analyzed kinetics, modeling, cell design, cost analysis, integration with existing technologies, scale up and industrial applications, demonstrating a systematic lack of reactor design approach and scale-up [26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Removal of Algestone Acetophenide and Estradiol Enanthate in Real Industrial Wastewater

Morais¹

2019

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

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Contaminants removal from industrial effluent is a major environmental concern. In this context, Algestone Acetophenide and Estradiol Enanthate are synthetic sex hormones widely used in the manufacture of contraceptives, whose presence in waterbodies may lead to environmental hazard. Given that so far, the methods employed in the removal of these drugs have presented limited efficiency or high implementation costs, the present work presented an electrochemical reactor composed by 32 carbon steel electrodes (1728 cm 2), which was employed in a real scale model to remove these synthetic hormones in an industrial pharmaceutical effluent. After 60 minutes the removal efficiency of the hormones Algestone Acetophenide and Estradiol Enanthate was of 88.9% and of 91.8% respectively, with low energy consumption (< 0.742 kWh.m-3). Physicochemical parameters such as color, turbidity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) also showed good removal efficiency too (> 50%), which implicates that the method herein depicted may be a valuable alternative to promote the removal of these contaminants in industrial wastewater.

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Industrial wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation–electrooxidation processes powered by solar cells

Cited by 100 publications

References 24 publications

Removal of trace metal contaminants from potable water by electrocoagulation

Removal of trace metal contaminants from potable water by electrocoagulation

Pitfalls of Wastewater Treatment in Oil Refinery Enterprises in Kazakhstan—A System Approach

Electrochemical Removal of Algestone Acetophenide and Estradiol Enanthate in Real Industrial Wastewater

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