Industrial wastewater analysis by liquid chromatography with precolumn technology and diode-array detection

Nielen, Michel W. F.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Frei, R.W.

doi:10.1021/ac00281a008

Cited by 84 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several other less commonly used methods are available for determining 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol in environmental samples. Some of these methods are spectrometric measurement in the presence of crown ethers (Papadoyannis et al 1983), coulometric measurement with methylviologen radical cation (Lozano et al 1989), HPLC-surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (Ni et al 1989), GC-FID (flame ionization detector) with a special graphitized carbon black as the GC stationary phase (Mangani et al 1986), remote fluorescence analysis of ground water with UV lasers and fiber optics (Chudyk et al 1985), HPLC with diode-array UV-visible detector (Nielen et al 1985), and cyclic voltammetric determination by the addition of a-cyclodextrin (Matsue et al 1981).…”

Section: Environmental Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glauconite as a sorbent of 4-nitrophenol

Makhova¹,

Doronin²

2021

CBE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The sorption properties of glauconite from Beloozersk deposits (Saratov region) for 4-nitrophenol (4-NF) have been investigated. The effect of glauconite on pH and 4-nitrophenol structure in solution is estimated. It is shown that glauconite increases pH of aqueous environment to 8 and shifts the equilibrium towards the formation of aci-form 4-NF. The conditions of sorption 4-NF by glauconite are established: the sorption time 20 min, the mass of the sorbent (0.50–1.0) g. The isotherm of sorption by 4-NF glauconite has been obtained; its interpretation is given using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The main quantitative sorption characteristics of glauconite such as recovery (R = 64%), distribution coefficient (D = 88) and the Langmuir and Freundlich constants for 4-nitrophenol are calculated. These experiments indicate the potential use of the glauconite from Beloozersk deposits (Saratov region) for 4-NP from various waters.

show abstract

Section: Environmental Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glauconite as a sorbent of 4-nitrophenol

Makhova¹,

Doronin²

2021

CBE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cation-exchangers have been used for the on-line preconcentration of aniline derivatives [30]. However, it was shown that when a sample is percolated through cation-exchanger sorbents and one is looking for less than 1 µg/L of an organic cation, the much higher amounts of inorganic cations which are present in natural wat e rs rap i d ly ove rload the cat i o n -ex ch a n ger cap a c i t y.…”

Section: Selection Of the Sorbent In The Precolumnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it was shown that when a sample is percolated through cation-exchanger sorbents and one is looking for less than 1 µg/L of an organic cation, the much higher amounts of inorganic cations which are present in natural wat e rs rap i d ly ove rload the cat i o n -ex ch a n ger cap a c i t y. A chemical clean-up pretreatment consisting of oxalate precipitation of calcium ions, then EDTA complexation of metal ions, has been described for removing most of the inorganic c ations befo re pre c o n c e n t ration [30]. Neve rt h e l e s s , ove rloading still occurs rapidly, as demonstrated by the preconcentration study on aminotriazole [31].…”

Section: Selection Of the Sorbent In The Precolumnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automation in multiresidue analysis of pesticides using on-line solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography

Hennion

1998

Analusis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Solid-phase ex t raction simplifies the sample pre t re atment step , but there is still some evap o ration and transfer of the extract. The on-line SPE-LC-UV diode array detection (UV-DAD) system is being used routinely in many laboratories and an increasing number of applications is currently described using on-line SPE-LC coupled to various interfaces and MS detection [1]. Important advantages in coupling on-line the pretreatment and the LC separation and detection are a decrease of the risk of contamination of the sample and sample extract, the removal of analyte losses by evaporation and finally the transfer and the analysis of the totality of the extracted species. In contrast to off-line SPE, where only an aliquot of the extract is injected into the chromatograph, the analysis of the complete sample allows the sample volume to be dramatically reduced to less than 5 -10 mL when SPE is coupled to GC or to 100 -150 mL when it is coupled to LC. It was surprising to see that GC has been the preferred method of environmental chemists for a long time, but that on-line systems using LC became the first robust on-line techniques. This is explained by the good compatibility of the LC aqueous mobile phases with the SPE of the samples. On-line coupling of SPE with GC is more delicate because of the inherent incompatibility between the aqueous part of the SPE step and the dry part of the GC system. Although not reported here, much work has been done in this area and automated devices have re c e n t ly become available. On-line set-up and precolumn designThe on-line set-up coupling SPE to LC is particularly easy to perform in any laboratory, and has been described extensively in general reviews [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The apparatus is represented in figure 1 [10]. The trace-enrichment is carried out on a small precolumn, generally made of stainless steel in order to be pressure-resistant, which is placed at the sample-loop position of a six-port liquid switching valve. A solvent delive ry unit (SDU) provides the solvents necessary to purge, wash, and activate the precolumn. After conditioning, sample application, and eventual clean-up via the pump of the SPE part, the precolumn is placed in front of an analytical column by switching the valve into the "inject" position. The trapped compounds are then eluted directly from the precolumn into the analytical column by a suitable mobile phase allowing the ch ro m at ographic sep a ration of the extracted analytes. Quantitative results of good accuracy can be expected as there is no sample manipulation between the preconcentration and the analysis. The LC system is often run in the reve rsed-phase mode, using C 1 8 a n a ly t i c a l columns because the mobile phase is a partly aqueous solvent mixture. Th e re fo re, residual water in the pre c o l u m n after the preconcentration of aqueous samples does not have to be removed before the desorption. The addition of a second sw i t ching va l ve allows both direct injection onto the analytical column and preconcentratio...

show abstract

“…However, in most wastewater systems, there are too many ingredients and most of them in mg/g or ng/g quantities that make the fragmentation/separation techniques difficult and in some cases unsuccessful. Previous studies performed with the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique or HPLC combined with diode‐array detection specialized in the extraction and elution of certain families of organic compounds from wastewater samples (Ahel & Giger 1985; Nielen et al 1985; Marcomini et al 1987; Castles et al 1989; Hogendoorn et al 1993; Lehotay et al 1993; Reemtsma & Jekel 1994; Negrao & Alpendurada 1998; Lobbes et al 1999; de Alda & Barcelo 2001; Bobeldijk et al 2001; Plum et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast screening of municipal wastewater components by reversed‐phase chromatography coupled to ultraviolet‐diode array detection

Vlessidis

Kotti

Giokas

et al. 2007

Water & Environment J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The screening of ingredients in municipal wastewater samples was studied, by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) implemented with a ultraviolet (UV)‐diode array detector, in an effort to establish a quick screening method for finding the main UV‐absorbing components of the wastewater that enters the biological treatment plant. For the purposes of direct comparison of the chromatograms obtained, a single sample taken from the inlet of municipal biological treatment plant was used for all experimental tests and the optimal elution conditions were established by detailed investigation through isocratic and gradient elution techniques. The optimal column resolution was reached by testing a broad range of capacity and selectivity factor values. The criterion used for validating the complete separation of solutes was based on the spectral purity of eluted chromatogram peaks and on the stability of retention time of a peak in real‐time chromatograms taken at different wavelengths during the elution process. From this research work, it was found that the overall chromatogram peak pattern was sensitive to the mobile phase composition and solvent system but under fixed elution conditions, the pattern of the major peaks was stable and depended on the composition of the wastewater sample. By testing different types of elution modes, it was found that the best column resolution was obtained under programmed isocratic‐gradient elution using a binary mobile phase. Finally, a relatively high column resolution method is reported for fragmentation of municipal wastewater samples.

show abstract

Industrial wastewater analysis by liquid chromatography with precolumn technology and diode-array detection

Cited by 84 publications

References 13 publications

Glauconite as a sorbent of 4-nitrophenol

Glauconite as a sorbent of 4-nitrophenol

Automation in multiresidue analysis of pesticides using on-line solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography

Fast screening of municipal wastewater components by reversed‐phase chromatography coupled to ultraviolet‐diode array detection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About