"Industrial Versailles": Eero Saarinen's Corporate Campuses for GM, IBM, and AT&T

The Sounds of Science: Listening to Laboratory Practice

“…(Interview with an academic electrical engineer, faculty consultant for construction of new clean room facility, April 25, 2000) That sound and space, particularly built space, are bound up in interesting ways is one of the first observations of any phenomenology of sound (Ihde 1976, 60;Sterne 1997). There is, of course, an already-burgeoning literature on place, built environment, and science (Knowles and Leslie 2001;Lynch 1991;Schaffer 1998;Shapin 1988). This literature aims to show how scientific spaces are designed and engineered; how particular kinds of behavior and social organization flow through those spaces; and how the particular kinds of knowledge produced in those spaces is afforded by, and reflective of, their constitution.…”

Herbert Simon and the GSIA: Building an interdisciplinary community

“…Because these patrons believed in the "linear model" of science, in which "pure" research leads to "applied research" leads to solutions to practical problems, they did support highly abstract research as well as practical applications: to Simon and his allies, realworld problems could be solved only through fundamental research. (On the "linear model," see Knowles and Leslie [2001].) While these patrons thus looked favorably upon fundamental research, they consistently defined their funding agendas around the solution of real-world problems that invariably cut across disciplinary lines, and they deliberately eschewed discipline-based funding structures.…”

“…Wright, 1973). Like many technical schools in the postwar era, CIT sought to take advantage of the new enthusiasm for research among business and government leaders by creating interdisciplinary institutes that promised to apply basic science to the solution of practical problems (Hounshell & Smith, 1988;Knowles & Leslie, 2001;Leslie, 1993).…”

Three truth‐spots

“…The historical and sociological literature on laboratories as sites of knowledge production has exploded in recent years: Galison and Thompson (1999), Gieryn ( , 1999bGieryn ( , 2002, Golinski (1998, chap. 3), Hannaway (1986), Heilbron (1999), Knowles and Leslie (2001), Ophir and Shapin (1991), Shapin (1988Shapin ( , 1998, and Smith and Agar (1998). entific claims to leave their never-depicted birthplaces with an architecturally-enhanced credibility, I note a little irony.…”