Industrial Scale Removal of Cesium with Hexacyanoferrate Exchanger—Process Development

Ion Exchange of Cesium on Potassium Nickel Hexacyanoferrate (II) s.

“…A number of studies have been carried out on the separation of Cs+ using ion exchange with various inorganic ion exchangers. Among them insoluble hexacyanoferrates have shown the highest selectivity for Cs+ and have been employed for Cs+ removal in the decontamination of radioactive wastes(3)- (7). One of the most promising cesium-selective hexacyanoferrates is potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate (KNiFC) (6) and its preparation methods have been developed by Kourim(8) (9) and Vol'khin (10) et al…”

Immobilization of (dd)heteronuclear hexacyanoferrates(II) in a gelatin matrix

“…It is known 1 that homonuclear hexacyanoferrates(II) of d metals (MHF) of the type M 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ], M 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 , and M[Fe(CN) 6 ] (M is the atom of d metal) can react in processes accompanied by the substitution of M II , M III , or M IV ions for ions of other metals (M´) + . These reactions are very characteristic of ions of s metals.…”

“…These reactions are very characteristic of ions of s metals. As long as 40 years ago, a great body of (ds)heteronuclear MHF, in particular, K 2 (TiO) 3 6 ] 7 , have been synthesized by similar reactions. The formation of these compounds even was used for the sorption of ions of particular s metals, for instance, Rb + and Cs + , from vari ous aqueous solutions.…”

“…2-6 However, (dp)heteronuclear MHF are known 1 only for one of the ions of p metals, namely, Tl I . This is related, to a great extent, to the fact that Tl I resembles in characteristics ions of Group I s metals and, therefore, hexacyanoferrates(II) containing Tl I (in particular, Tl 2 Cu 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 2 ) can only formally be attributed to (dp)heteronuclear MHF. Ion exchange reactions could also be observed for the interaction of ho monuclear (d) or (f) MHF with salts of various d met als.…”

Comparison of some commercial and laboratory prepared caesium ion-exchangers

“…Separation of 137Cs from nuclear power plant (NPP) evaporator concentrates may serve as an example of such processes [1]. Recently, a requirement has occurred to separate 137Cs and some other radionuclides from highly saline solutions resulting from the treatment of fast reactor sodium/potassium primary coolant.…”