Industrial-Quality Graphene Oxide Switched Highly Efficient Metal- and Solvent-Free Synthesis of β-Ketoenamines under Feasible Conditions

Abstract

Metal-and solvent-free industrial-quality graphene oxide (IQGO)-based highly efficient carbocatalytic system has been developed for the synthesis of β-ketoenamines. Initially, physicochemical properties of IQGO are briefly discussed by means of various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The present system accessed a wide range of substrates to yield β-ketoenamines in an excellent yield (86−100%) with 100% selectivity. Catalytic activity of IQGO is compared with other carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene nanoplatelets. Cost effective recovery, high level reusability, chemoselective nature, possible scale reaction, and sustainability of IQGO are demonstrated. Based upon experimental results and earlier reports, possible reaction mechanism has been proposed for the synthesis of β-ketoenamines.

Graphene‐Based Carbocatalysts for Thermoset Polymers and for Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Organic Synthesis

“…Most of these reactions need to be catalyzed by a huge amount of graphene oxide (often in the range of 50–200 wt % with respect to the substrate) by operating at high temperatures and in the presence of solvents. Recently, the possibility to perform important organic reactions by using graphite oxide as a catalyst under solvent‐free conditions has been reported . In particular, the higher ability of graphite oxide to exert its catalytic activity under solvent‐free conditions rather than in the presence of water or usually toxic solvents has been clearly shown in dehydration reactions, thioacetalization reactions, and multicomponent coupling reactions .…”

“…Recently,t he possibility to perform important organic reactions by using graphite oxide as ac atalyst under solvent-free conditions has been reported. [28,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] In particular,t he higher ability of graphite oxide to exert its catalytic activity under solvent-free conditions rather than in the presence of water or usually toxic solvents has been clearly shown in dehydration reactions, [54] thioacetalization reactions, [49] and multicomponent couplingr eactions. [48,51] As election of thesel iterature results is collected in Scheme1.…”

Carbon Nanocomposites: Preparation and Its Application in Catalytic Organic Transformations

“…In general, the carbon nanomaterials are chemically inert and highly hydrophobic in nature [10]. Therefore, the dispersion/anchoring of metal nanoparticles on the surface of carbon materials is very challenging task [11].…”

Highly Selective Enamination of β‐ketoesters Catalyzed by Interlocked [Cu8] and [Cu18] Nanocages

“…Among many strategies to synthesize such compounds, the enamination of β‐ketoesters with amines is one of the important and extensively used methods . To promote this reaction, various homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have been used, such as inorganic acids, metal salts, carbon materials, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), amongst others . It should be noted that all the reported catalysts show high catalytic activity and excellent chemoselectivity, ensuring that amines react with the ketone part rather than ester part of β‐ketoesters.…”