“…An IoT device is always connected through a communication network, ranging from short range networks (e.g., Bluetooth, Zigbee, near-field communication (NFC)), to medium range networks (e.g., Wi-Fi, Digi Mesh), to large range networks (e.g., LoRaWan, cellular, WiMax). Today, IoT devices are usually expected to collect sensor data, communicate with each other, and make decisions without human intervention [4][5][6][7]. Some examples of IoT devices include smart traffic lights, smart parking meters, smart home meters, smartphones, and wearable devices [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”