Industrial Innovation, Labour Productivity, Sales and Employment

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between firm-level innovation and employment growth for industrial firms in the Netherlands. The empirical analysis uses four waves of the CIS survey for the period 2002-2010. It extends the literature by making an explicit split between the expansion effect of innovation and the labour productivity effect. The results show that both product and process innovation increase labour productivity and therefore induce direct reductions in employment. However, these negative employment effects are more than compensated by increases in sales, implying that both process and product innovations increase employment. In this article for the first time the relationship between both product and process innovations and employment is decomposed in a systematic manner based on explicit econometric equations on the relationship between innovation and labour productivity respectively sales. It is argued that the effects for sales and labour productivity are probably underestimated in all research that uses CIS survey data because these do not show the price effects of increased productivity, but that this effect cancels out in the estimated employment equation.

Artificial Intelligence Based Model to Predict Labour Productivity for Small & Medium Scale Bus Body Building Society in Present and Post Pandemic Situation

“…Gerek (2015) Ratio of output quantity to quantity of inputs [10] Geert Woltjer Amount of goods produced within a labour unit [11] Bus body fabrication industry as a labour forced engineering concern is a major provider of public mobility product. Productivity is a significant factor in conclude the victory and disappointment of any project.…”

Going to Business or Intending in Science?

“…The main earning strategy is as follows: a young scientist (hereinafter referred to as a graduate) is looking for a student, the student makes an advance payment, the graduate helps in writing an article by purchasing it on thirdparty services or by writing and publishing it independently, and then the graduate completes the student as a co-author 4 . The student submits documents for the scholarship commission and wins the competition.…”

“…18-20]) n = 1:3 in period T, where l 7 = {HAC,Sc/WoS,RISC,EVM}. M = 6 -the maximum number of co-authors in (4). B(T) -the maximum number of works that a true author can write per semester T (2).…”

“…A business that so desperately needs modern science today, without realizing it, came to science in the 21st century. As an example of such a "arrival", it is worth mentioning the new market, which was formed relatively recently -the market of scientific publications [4,18]. The market for scientific publications (hereinafter referred to as the market) did not develop particularly actively in Russia until the May Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation [4], in which the President of the Russian Federation reflected that the time had come for the rapid development of not only business, but also science.…”

“…As an example of such a "arrival", it is worth mentioning the new market, which was formed relatively recently -the market of scientific publications [4,18]. The market for scientific publications (hereinafter referred to as the market) did not develop particularly actively in Russia until the May Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation [4], in which the President of the Russian Federation reflected that the time had come for the rapid development of not only business, but also science. Many scholars [5][6][7][8] agree that the Decree states that from now on it is important not so much the quality of the articles, but how much in what volume and in which journals the author has placed them.…”