Industrial high performance crystalline silicon solar cells and modules based on rear surface passivation technology

The selection of key technologies by the silicon photovoltaic industry based on the Delphi method and AHP (analytic hierarchy process): Case study of China

“…The concept of all-rear-contact cells is often referred to as local back surface field cells (LBSF) or passivated-emitter and rear cells (PERC) [34].It can decease the refractive rate and mainly applies to back contact batteries. 47% of the experts expect it to improve efficiency by 0.6e1%.…”

Sensitivity analysis for photovoltaic water pumping systems: Energetic and economic studies

“…Then these modules are connected in parallel, which results in a PV array. Nowadays, the most common solution for crystalline PV technology is made of 60 cells in series [19]. Thus, modeling a PV module can be based on modelling a PV cell [19,20].…”

“…Nowadays, the most common solution for crystalline PV technology is made of 60 cells in series [19]. Thus, modeling a PV module can be based on modelling a PV cell [19,20]. In fact, a simple approach to model a PV module consists in using a matrix where the solar radiance G and the ambient temperature a T of a particular location are linked, and used to determine the corresponding PV power pv P , and therefore forming the matrix pv P (G; a T ) [21].…”

Nondestructive Characterization of Voids in Rear Local Contacts of PERC-Type Solar Cells

“…By adding only a few process steps, cell efficiencies more than 21% on large-area (15.6 × 15.6 cm 2 ) Czochralski (Cz) monocrystalline Si solar cells have been reached [2], [3]. A well-known problem of the PERC concept is the formation of voids in the rear local contacts [4], [5].…”