Industrial Hemp Fibers: An Overview

Manaia, João P.; Manaia, A.; Rodriges, Lúcia

doi:10.3390/fib7120106

Cited by 165 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…They include numerous methoxylated derivatives of benzene (phenylpropanoid alcohols-monolignols), especially coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl [ 12 ]. Hemp fibres also contain small amounts of waxes and pigments (1.2–6.2%), residual ashes (0.8%), moisture, and other organic substances including proteins [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational Spectroscopic Analyses and Imaging of the Early Middle Ages Hemp Bast Fibres Recovered from Lake Sediments

et al. 2021

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Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and imaging combined with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied to analyse biochemical properties of Early Middle Ages hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) bast fibres collected from lake bottom sediment of lake Słone. The examined plant macrofossil material constitutes residues of the hemp retting process that took place in the 7–8th century. By comparison of three samples: untreated isolated bast fibres, and fibres incubated overnight at 4 and 37 °C, we were able to mimic the retting conditions. Using FT-IR qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment of the primary polysaccharides content, total protein content, and their spatial distribution was performed within the hemp fibres. The concentration of cellulose remained vastly unchanged, while the concentration of lignin and pectin was the highest in the untreated sample. The spatial distributions of compounds were heterogeneous in the untreated and 4 °C-incubated samples, and homogenous in the specimen processed at 37 °C. Interestingly, a higher amide content was detected in the latter sample indicating the highest degree of enzymatic degradation. In this study, we show that the spectroscopic methods allow for a non-destructive evaluation of biochemical composition of plant fibres without preparation, which can be an appropriate approach for studying ancient plant remains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational Spectroscopic Analyses and Imaging of the Early Middle Ages Hemp Bast Fibres Recovered from Lake Sediments

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, the increasing of the fiber load in blend leads to the increasing of hydrogen bonds number between the organic components and water molecules. Thus, water start to be accumulated in the larger gaps formed at the interface between fiber and matrix [ 18 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to attenuate or to solve the problem, chemical and physical treatments that consist of changing of the fiber surface polarity and roughness can be applied. By chemical treatments (that involves the use of alkali, acetyl, silane, benzyl, acryl, permanganate, peroxide, isocyanate, titanate, zirconate, or acrylonitrile) the fiber’s hydroxyl and carbonyl groups can be modified, new reaction centers can be created or new interacting groups that effectively interlock with the polymeric matrix at the interface can be introduced [ 55 , 56 ]. Physical treatments with plasma, corona, or EB lead to the formation of hydrophobic groups that increase the interfacial surface area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Absorption Kinetics in Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibers Processed by Electron Beam Irradiation

2020

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Natural rubber composites reinforced with hemp, flax, and wood sawdust were obtained by irradiation at room temperature with an electron beam of 5.5 MeV in order to meet the actual need for new materials that are environmentally friendly and safe for human health. The natural fibers loading was between 5 and 20 phr and the processing doses were between 75 and 600 kGy. The kinetics of water absorption in these materials were studied. The water diffusion was analyzed through Fick’s law. The water absorption parameters (Qt and Qeq), diffusion parameters (k and n), diffusion coefficient (D), intrinsic diffusion coefficient (D*), sorption coefficient (S), and permeation coefficient (P) have depended on the fiber nature, amount used in blends, and irradiation dose. The obtained results showed that not in the case of each type of fiber used, the water absorption could be correlated with the specific cellulose and hemicellulose content, due to the changes induced by the electron beam.

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“…Direct comparisons of structural characteristics of flax composite and glass composite wind turbine blades were reported in [20]. Other investigations highlighting the importance of natural and renewable materials include those in [26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Comparison of the Structural Compression Characteristics of Natural and Synthetic Fiber-Epoxy Composites: Flax, Jute, Hemp, Glass and Carbon Fibers

Bambach

2020

Fibers

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Recent decades have seen substantial interest in the use of natural fibers in continuous fiber reinforced composites, such as flax, jute and hemp. Considering potential applications, it is of particular interest how natural fiber composites compare to synthetic fiber composites, such as glass and carbon, and if natural fibers can replace synthetic fibers in existing applications. Many studies have made direct comparisons between natural and synthetic fiber composites via material coupon testing; however, few studies have made such direct comparisons of full structural members. This study presents compression tests of geometrically identical structural channel sections fabricated from fiber-epoxy composites of flax, jute, hemp, glass and carbon. Glass fiber composites demonstrated superior tension material coupon properties to natural fiber composites. However, for the same fiber mass, structural compression properties of natural fiber composite channels were generally equivalent to, or in some cases superior to, glass fiber composite channels. This indicates there is substantial potential for natural fibers to replace glass fibers in structural compression members. Carbon fiber composites were far superior to all other composites, indicating little potential for replacement with natural fibers.

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Industrial Hemp Fibers: An Overview

Cited by 165 publications

References 99 publications

Vibrational Spectroscopic Analyses and Imaging of the Early Middle Ages Hemp Bast Fibres Recovered from Lake Sediments

Vibrational Spectroscopic Analyses and Imaging of the Early Middle Ages Hemp Bast Fibres Recovered from Lake Sediments

Water Absorption Kinetics in Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibers Processed by Electron Beam Irradiation

Direct Comparison of the Structural Compression Characteristics of Natural and Synthetic Fiber-Epoxy Composites: Flax, Jute, Hemp, Glass and Carbon Fibers

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