Industrial hazardous waste management studies of nitrogenous chemical fertilizer factory in Vijapur, District Guna (M.P.) India

Prajapati, R. P.; Sharma, Anand; Tiwari, D. R.

doi:10.12944/cwe.5.1.23

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…More than 77% of world ammonia production capacity is currently based on natural gas. During ammonia synthesis, the major reaction of production and purification of synthesis gas and the ammonia, all are carried out over different catalysts [7][8][9][10] . At least eight kinds of catalysts are used in the whole process, where natural gas or naphtha is used as feedstock and steam reforming is used to produce synthesis gas.…”

Section: Ammonia Synthesis and Spent Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spent Catalyst Coming Out from Ammonia Synthesis Fertilizer Plant and Impact on Environment

2019

JECET

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Ammonia is primarily used as nitrogenous fertilizer and as a raw material of inorganic compounds including nitric acid, ammonia salts, cyanide and organic compounds, such as amines, sulfanilamide and so on. In addition, ammonia is also an excellent refrigerant. Since ammonia is a key raw material for industry and agriculture, the process of ammonia synthesis has an extremely important position in any economy. During ammonia synthesis in nitrogenous fertilizer plant for production of nitrogenous fertilizer and other products, the major reactions of production and purification of synthesis gas and the synthesis of ammonia, all the carried out over different catalysts (Prajapati, R. P., Sharma Anand and Tiwari, D. R., 2010) . At least eight kinds of catalyst used in the whole process, where natural gas or naphtha is used a feedstock and steam reforming is used to produce synthesis gas. These catalyst, are Co-Mo hydrogenation catalyst, zinc oxide desulfurizer, primary and secondary, steam reforming catalysts, high and low temperature shift catalysts, methanation catalyst and ammonia synthesis catalyst etc. In every catalytic operation, activity of the catalyst gradually decreases. Due to structural changes, poisoning, or deposition of extraneous material. A catalyst, which can no longer perform its original duty is referred to as "spent catalyst". In such cases fresh catalysts have to be substituted and the spent catalyst will be discarded as solid waste material. Disposal of spent catalyst is a problem as it falls under the category of hazardous industrial waste. Environmental laws concerning spent catalyst disposal have becomes increasingly more serve in recent years. Metals such Ni, Mo, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn and Cr present in the spent catalyst can leached by water after disposal and pollute the

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Section: Ammonia Synthesis and Spent Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spent Catalyst Coming Out from Ammonia Synthesis Fertilizer Plant and Impact on Environment

2019

JECET

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Potential utilization of waste nitrogen fertilizer from a fertilizer industry using marine microalgae

Jabri

Das

Thaher

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Industrial hazardous waste management studies of nitrogenous chemical fertilizer factory in Vijapur, District Guna (M.P.) India

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Spent Catalyst Coming Out from Ammonia Synthesis Fertilizer Plant and Impact on Environment

Spent Catalyst Coming Out from Ammonia Synthesis Fertilizer Plant and Impact on Environment

Potential utilization of waste nitrogen fertilizer from a fertilizer industry using marine microalgae

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