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The U.S. glass industry is comprised of four primary industry segments-flat glass, container glass, specialty glass, and fiberglass-which together consume $1.6 billion in energy annually. On average, energy costs in the U.S. glass industry account for around 14% of total glass production costs. Energy efficiency improvement is an important way to reduce these costs and to increase predictable earnings, especially in times of high energy price volatility. There is a variety of opportunities available at individual plants in the U.S. glass industry to reduce energy consumption in a cost-effective manner. This Energy Guide discusses energy efficiency practices and energy-efficient technologies that can be implemented at the component, process, system, and organizational levels. A discussion of the trends, structure, and energy consumption characteristics of the U.S. glass industry is provided along with a description of the major process steps in glass manufacturing. Expected savings in energy and energy-related costs are given for many energy efficiency measures, based on case study data from real-world applications in glass production facilities and related industries worldwide. Typical measure payback periods and references to further information in the technical literature are also provided, when available. The information in this Energy Guide is intended to help energy and plant managers in the U.S. glass industry reduce energy consumption in a cost-effective manner while maintaining the quality of products manufactured. Further research on the economics of the measures-as well on as their applicability to different production practices-is needed to assess potential implementation of selected technologies at individual plants.
The U.S. glass industry is comprised of four primary industry segments-flat glass, container glass, specialty glass, and fiberglass-which together consume $1.6 billion in energy annually. On average, energy costs in the U.S. glass industry account for around 14% of total glass production costs. Energy efficiency improvement is an important way to reduce these costs and to increase predictable earnings, especially in times of high energy price volatility. There is a variety of opportunities available at individual plants in the U.S. glass industry to reduce energy consumption in a cost-effective manner. This Energy Guide discusses energy efficiency practices and energy-efficient technologies that can be implemented at the component, process, system, and organizational levels. A discussion of the trends, structure, and energy consumption characteristics of the U.S. glass industry is provided along with a description of the major process steps in glass manufacturing. Expected savings in energy and energy-related costs are given for many energy efficiency measures, based on case study data from real-world applications in glass production facilities and related industries worldwide. Typical measure payback periods and references to further information in the technical literature are also provided, when available. The information in this Energy Guide is intended to help energy and plant managers in the U.S. glass industry reduce energy consumption in a cost-effective manner while maintaining the quality of products manufactured. Further research on the economics of the measures-as well on as their applicability to different production practices-is needed to assess potential implementation of selected technologies at individual plants.
Thin film technologies undergo rapid developments for increasing the module efficiencies and improving production technologies or recycling processes which affect the environmental profile of PV power generation and Energy Payback Time (EPBT). Therefore, especially for the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of product systems with short development cycles, the environmental profiles need to be frequently updated to ensure the representativeness and validity of the environmental assessment. The update of LCA results in this paper demonstrates that considerable improvements were reached in the environmental profile of CdTe PV power and EPBT over the last four years. Depending on the location of installation in Europe, the corresponding Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of PV power for ground mounted power plants are between 19 and 30?g CO2-equiv./kWh and between 0.7 and 1.1 years in terms of EBPT. Furthermore, for the first time, the environmental impacts due to an already applied recycling procedure of CdTe modules and it's relative contribution to the CdTe PV life cycle has been investigated. This paper presents the main approach, results and outcomes of the study
TransFIRe (Transforming Foundation Industries Research and Innovation hub) was developed in response to the UK Government Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund call to transform the Foundation Industries: Chemicals, Cement, Ceramics, Glass, Metals and Paper. These industries produce 75% of all materials in the UK economy and are vital for the UK's manufacturing and construction industries. Together, the Foundation Industries are worth £52 Bn to the UK economy and produce 28 Mt of materials per year, accounting for about 10% of the UK's total CO2 emissions. TransFIRe is a consortium of 20 investigators from 12 institutions, more than 50 companies, and 14 NGO and government organisations related to the sectors, with expertise across the FIs as well as material flows and energy mapping, life cycle sustainability, circular economy, industrial symbiosis, computer science, AI and digital manufacturing, management, social science and technology transfer. This paper will introduce the Foundation Industries, present the three work streams through which transformative change will be enabled, and initial plans for including a diversity of stakeholders.
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