“…Other studies that employed an EDF include Filippini and Hunt [15], Filippini et al [16], Alberini and Filippini [17], Filippini and Hunt [18], Lundgren [19], and Otsuka [20] for the US residential sector, the European Union (EU) residential sector, the US residential sector using householdlevel data, the whole economy of 49 US states, Swedish multi-sectors, and the Japanese residential electricity sector, respectively; whereas, Zhou et al [21], Adetutu et al [22], Otsuka and Goto [23], and Marin and Palma [24] are examples of studies that employed the SEDF for the whole economies of the OECD countries, whole economies of OECD and non-OECD countries, regional jurisdictions of Japan, and EU countries, respectively. Kipouros [25] also employed an EDF (and compared the results with an input distance function approach) to measure underlying energy efficiency for a panel of 39 developing countries.…”