Industrial eco-efficiency, regional disparity, and spatial convergence of China's regions

A Study on the Effects of Energy and Environmental Efficiency at China’s Provincial Level

“…Previous studies mainly focused on energy density, energy consumption, net labor, fixed capital, etc. to assess energy efficiency [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], with a lack of comprehensive analysis of input and output variables are contained undesirable and cross division and periods for the effects of economic development and environmental performance when evaluating energy efficiency. This study sets up two divisions of energy performance (D1) and environmental performance (D2) and uses AQI as a bad link between the two divisions, GDP as a good carry-over in D1, and UEG as a bad carry-over in D2, so as to evaluate energy efficiency with the DN-DEA approach.…”

“…The inputs and outputs are PN, EC, PC, EI, EP, and PG in D1 and MVN, EPE, PM 2.5 , and PM 10 in D2; AQI is the bad link in D1 and D2, GDP is a good carry-over in D1, and UEG is a bad carry-over in D2. These inputs and outputs had been justified as key variables that affect energy and environmental performance in previous research [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][19][20][21][22], but these are not separated into independent and influential division concepts to explore energy and environmental efficiency, we comprehensive use dynamic and network to explore the effects of the overall energy efficiency, division efficiency and periods efficiency cross energy/environment and periods in this study. Though these input and output variables are difficult to accurately define an independent source of energy, economics or environment, it is a complex issue in rapid economic growth countries, DN-DEA approach can solve independent and influential problem in this study, energy investment and consumption create energy needs and economic growth in D1, we hope to bring good economic growth to the next year, therefore GDP is as good carry-over.…”

“…Li and Lin [20] used super SBM-DEA to assess energy performance in China and found that energy intensity respectively fluctuates around 21%, 7.5%, and 12% for the eastern, central, and western regions, suggesting that China must reduce the gap for improvement in energy intensity across regions. Yu et al [13] used super SBM-DEA to evaluate industrial eco-efficiency of 30 Chinese provinces in the period 2001-2015 and proposed that relevant authorities must take effective measures to encourage the central and western regions to adopt clean energy technologies. Zheng et al [21] evaluated the energy conservation performance of energy service companies in China, finding that reconstruction of industrial boiler furnaces is the most energy-efficient measure in the manufacturing sector, while energy management systems are the most efficient measure in the building sector.…”

“…The DEA approach is quite popular, because it can deal with multiple inputs and outputs at the same time and can discover the reasons for efficiency and inefficiency. Previous research on energy and environmental performances focus on following: (1) using traditional stochastic frontier analysis [10]; (2) using super DEA and undesirable outputs to solve the problem of the maximum efficiency value being equal to 1 [11][12][13]; (3) using network DEA and undesirable outputs to divide into energy and environmental groups [14]; (4) using dynamic DEA to find the difference across multiple periods [15,16]; and (5) using two-stage dynamic network DEA to divide into air pollutants and health [17], these show in Table 1. However, these articles lack an analysis of the relationship between energy using efficiency and environment performance at the same period or across multiple periods.…”

Sustainable Development of Industry–Environmental System Based on Resilience Perspective

“…However, in order to achieve stable and rapid economic development, this unreasonable, fast-growing industrial economy pattern still exists in China. Since the reform and opening-up policy in the late 1970s, China's rapidly-developing industries are over-reliant on energy and resource inputs and production capacity expansion [7]. Thus, China's industry is developing into a huge source of pollutant emissions [8], which is a contradiction that urgently needs to be solved in development.…”