Industrial Commercial Lignins: Sources, Properties and Applications

Lora, Jairo H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-045316-3.00010-7

Cited by 166 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Organosolv treatments produce more homogeneous lignin fractions with defined molecular mass distribution, chemical group functionalities (Gouveia et al 2012), and low molecular weight (Lora et al 2008). The obtained results were in agreement with these studies.…”

Section: Lignin Molecular Weightsupporting

confidence: 82%

Fractionation of Hemicelluloses and Lignin from Rice Straw by Combining Autohydrolysis and Optimised Mild Organosolv Delignification

Moniz¹,

Lino²,

Duarte³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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An integrated strategy was followed to valorise rice straw, one of the most relevant biomass feedstocks available worldwide, to selectively recover solubilised hemicelluloses and lignin. The pathway encompassed the use of autohydrolysis to hydrolyse the hemicelluloses and an ethanol-based organosolv process to solubilise lignin. Several autohydrolysis conditions were assayed with the best results obtained at 210 ºC (log R0 4.15), which enabled high removal of hemicelluloses, yielding an oligosaccharide-rich hydrolysate and a treated biomass with low content of hemicelluloses and enriched in cellulose and lignin. The effects of ethanol concentration (5 to 75%), and reaction time (0 to 24 h) on lignin removal under mild temperature (30 ºC) were studied. In optimal conditions (60.5% ethanol, 24h) the delignification yield reached 42%, whereas glucan solubilisation was below 17%. Lignin solubilisation yield was not influenced by the organosolv treatment duration while ethanol concentration favored the delignification up to 60.5% ethanol. The organosolv liquors contained economic interesting ligninderived compounds such as vanillin, ferulic, and coumaric acids. The chemical composition and enzymatic digestibility of the treated biomass from autohydrolysis and organosolv delignification were compared, with the latter presenting an almost 10% higher enzymatic digestibility than the former.

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Section: Lignin Molecular Weightsupporting

confidence: 82%

Fractionation of Hemicelluloses and Lignin from Rice Straw by Combining Autohydrolysis and Optimised Mild Organosolv Delignification

Moniz¹,

Lino²,

Duarte³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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“…Most of the lignin extracted from pulp and paper operations is burned during pulp-spent liquor treatment. This offers energy recovery and regeneration of pulping chemicals with less than 2% recovered for utilization as a chemical product [137] [138]. However, the amount of lignin produced exceeds the requirements for energy generation.…”

Section: Lignin Based Polyurethane Adhesivementioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Renewable Sources for Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Polyurethane Adhesives—Review

Gadhave¹,

Mahanwar²,

Gadekar³

2017

OJPChem

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Bio-renewable sources used during manufacturing of polyurethane (PU) adhesives have been used extensively from last few decades and replaced petrochemical based PU adhesive due to their lower environmental impact, easy availability, low cost and biodegradability. Bio-renewable sources, such as vegetable oils (like palm oil, castor oil, jatropha oil, soybean oil), lactic acid, potato starch and other bio-renewable sources, constitute a rich source for the synthesis of polyols which are being considered for the production of "eco-friendly" PU adhesives. Various bio-renewable sources for synthesis of bio-based PU adhesives and their potential applications are discussed in this review. This paper will focus on the progress of research in bio-based materials for adhesive application.

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“…Most of the lignin extracted from pulp and paper operations is burned during pulp-spent liquor treatment. This offers energy recovery and regeneration of pulping chemicals with less than 2% recovered for utilization as a chemical product [10]. However, the amount of lignin produced exceeds the requirements for energy generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based polyurethane prepared from Kraft lignin and modified castor oil

Tavares¹,

Boas²,

Schleder³

et al. 2016

Express Polym. Lett.

114

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Abstract. Current challenges highlight the need for polymer research using renewable natural sources as a substitute for petroleum-based polymers. The use of polyols obtained from renewable sources combined with the reuse of industrial residues such as lignin is an important agent in this process. Different compositions of polyurethane-type materials were prepared by combining technical Kraft lignin (TKL) with castor oil (CO) or modified castor oil (MCO1 and MCO2) to increase their reactivity towards diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The results indicate that lignin increases the glass transition temperature, the crosslinking density and improves the ultimate stress especially for those prepared from MCO2 and 30% lignin content from 8.2 MPa (lignin free) to 23.5 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of rupture surface after uniaxial tensile tests show ductile-to-brittle transition. The results show the possibility to develop polyurethane-type materials, varying technical grade Kraft lignin content, which cover a wide range of mechanical properties (from large elastic/low Young modulus to brittle/high Young modulus polyurethanes).

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Industrial Commercial Lignins: Sources, Properties and Applications

Cited by 166 publications

References 20 publications

Fractionation of Hemicelluloses and Lignin from Rice Straw by Combining Autohydrolysis and Optimised Mild Organosolv Delignification

Fractionation of Hemicelluloses and Lignin from Rice Straw by Combining Autohydrolysis and Optimised Mild Organosolv Delignification

Bio-Renewable Sources for Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Polyurethane Adhesives—Review

Bio-based polyurethane prepared from Kraft lignin and modified castor oil

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