“…In analogy with vendor-managed inventory concepts, which have been widely implemented to improve distribution operations, there is currently a trend in inbound logistics of manufacturers taking responsibility for the planning of transportation operations (Baudin 2004). The objective is to make use of synergies by concentrating all replenishment and transportation decisions at a single centralized point in the supply chain (Disney, Potter, and Gardner 2003;Andersson, Hoff, Christiansen, Hasle, and Løkketangen 2010). In contrast to distribution logistics, where the divergent structure of the material flow suggests concentrating all decisions at suppliers serving multiple customers, we typically face convergent structures in inbound logistics.…”