Industrial Applications of Green Solvents for Sustainable Development of Technologies in Organic Synthesis

Meshksar, Maryam; Afshariani, Fatemeh; Rahimpour, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44176-0_16

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Hydrogen, as the lightest element in the world, contains a tremendous amount of energy that can be used as an alternative to petroleum [10][11][12][13][14]. The most prevalent processes for hydrogen production are DRM, steam reforming of methane (SRM) and partial oxidation of methane (POM) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Promoted Nickel–Cobalt Bimetallic Catalysts for Biogas Reforming

et al. 2021

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The catalytic performance of Ni, Co, and Ni-Co-based catalysts on Al 2 O 3 support are investigated in the dry methane reforming reaction. Besides, the influence of La or Y promoters on catalytic activity and structural properties of synthesized catalysts are examined in this paper. The prepared catalysts are characterized using N 2 Adsorption/Desorption, FESEM, EDX, and XRD techniques. Higher average CH 4 and CO 2 conversions, as well as hydrogen yield, are obtained using Ni-Co catalyst with equal weight ratios. This could be the result of better dispersion of active sites according to the FESEM images and thus higher BET surface area of this catalyst compared with other un-promoted ones. Although the addition of La does not enhance the catalytic activity and structural properties of the 9Ni-9Co/Al 2 O 3 sample, the presence of Y 2 O 3 particles has a positive effect on both mentioned catalyst features. The maximum CH 4 conversion of 99.39%, CO 2 conversion of 92.38%, H 2 yield of 86.20% and H 2 /CO molar ratio of 1.50 are achieved using 5Y-9Ni-9Co/Al 2 O 3 at 700 °C. Besides, this catalyst shows lower deposited coke and higher stability compared with other promoted/un-promoted catalysts. The comparison between the activity of 5Y-9Ni-9Co/Al 2 O 3 and industrial 18%Ni/Al 2 O 3 during 11 h DRM shows that although 18%Ni/ Al 2 O 3 has higher conversions at first 9 h, its activity is decreased more than 5Y-9Ni-9Co/Al 2 O 3 due to the coke deposition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Promoted Nickel–Cobalt Bimetallic Catalysts for Biogas Reforming

et al. 2021

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“…Both the non-isothermal approach, as well as the v-T flash calculations, are further described. In this work, the reaction rate is represented using an activity-based Langmuir−Hinshelwood rate law, considering that the surface reaction is the rate-controlling step, 19 according to eqs 3−5, 15 ) eq eq R 1 1…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 Recently, the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) as a solvent was presented as an alternative to improve the reaction yields in heterogeneous catalysis, minimizing mass transfer limitations and leading to higher effective reaction rates. 13,14 Although the technical feasibility of scCO 2 as a solvent for some heterogeneously catalyzed esterification systems has been demonstrated at the laboratory scale, 15 its industrial application still depends on process economic analysis, which, by its turn, depends on reliable modeling and simulation strategies. In this context, this work presents novel experimental kinetic data for the ethanolic esterification of levulinic acid assisted by scCO 2 and catalyzed by Amberlyst-15 and proposes a modeling strategy to account for the phase partition inside the reaction vessel using a robust v-T flash calculation algorithm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Modeling of scCO₂-Assisted Levulinic Acid Esterification with Ethanol Using Amberlyst-15 as a Catalyst in a Batch Reactor

et al. 2021

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Ethyl levulinate has shown great potential as a green fuel additive for gasoline, diesel, and biodiesel. One alternative for its synthesis is the direct heterogeneously catalyzed esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol. Most of the catalytic processes already reported for this system, however, rely on large residence times to deliver appreciable levulinic acid conversions. This work presents experimental and modeling results on the esterification kinetics of levulinic acid with ethanol assisted by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and catalyzed by Amberlyst-15 in a fixed-volume batch reactor. We explore different molar ratios, catalyst amounts, temperatures, and scCO2 loads. The presented reaction scheme leads to near-equilibrium levulinic acid conversions after less than 60 min at most of the evaluated conditions. To represent the phase-behavior of CO2 + reactants and products, the Peng–Robinson equation of state with a quadratic mixing rule was used. We found that, at most of the experimental conditions, the reaction takes place in a two-phase system due to scCO2; thus, a v-T flash algorithm was coupled to the kinetic model. The proposed kinetic modeling is one of the first attempts to simulate scCO2-assisted reactions in heterogeneous catalytic systems in which the phase partition inside the reactor vessel is considered.

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“…8 The extensive use of solvents in traditional synthesis process generates waste that is detrimental to both the environment and public health. 9 Mechanochemistry offers a viable solution by reducing or completely eliminating the need for solvents. Over the past decades, mechanochemistry has emerged as a powerful tool for environmentally benign and sustainable chemical syntheses.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanochemistry has been instrumental in the field of crystal engineering and formulation science, and it serves as a robust technique for green and sustainable organic synthesis . The extensive use of solvents in traditional synthesis process generates waste that is detrimental to both the environment and public health . Mechanochemistry offers a viable solution by reducing or completely eliminating the need for solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Cascade Synthesis of Zinc Complexes for Catalytic C–S Coupling in One-Pot

Feng,

Hao,

Fei

et al. 2024

Organometallics

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The mechanochemical approach to transition metal catalysis offers a number of advantages, including a reduction in solvent usage and an acceleration of reaction times. This study elucidates a one-pot, two-step cascade catalytic synthesis enabled by mechanochemistry, which integrates the synthesis of bidentate zinc complexes and their application in carbon−sulfur coupling reactions. The zinc complexes were systematically modified by altering the halogen atoms attached to the metal center, utilizing the reduced Schiff base ligand N,N'-diphenylethylenediamine, which significantly influenced the catalytic efficiency. Under optimal conditions, a wide range of thioether products were synthesized, demonstrating broad applicability across various substrates. The mechanistic insights were enhanced through the execution of free radical trapping experiments and analysis of reaction intermediates, revealing an S N 2 substitution mechanism in the formation of carbon−sulfur bond. Furthermore, the methodology adheres to green chemistry principles, as evidenced by the favorable green chemistry metrics obtained, indicating a sustainable and eco-friendly protocol for practical use.

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Industrial Applications of Green Solvents for Sustainable Development of Technologies in Organic Synthesis

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Promoted Nickel–Cobalt Bimetallic Catalysts for Biogas Reforming

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Promoted Nickel–Cobalt Bimetallic Catalysts for Biogas Reforming

Kinetic Modeling of scCO₂-Assisted Levulinic Acid Esterification with Ethanol Using Amberlyst-15 as a Catalyst in a Batch Reactor

Mechanochemical Cascade Synthesis of Zinc Complexes for Catalytic C–S Coupling in One-Pot

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Industrial Applications of Green Solvents for Sustainable Development of Technologies in Organic Synthesis

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Promoted Nickel–Cobalt Bimetallic Catalysts for Biogas Reforming

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Promoted Nickel–Cobalt Bimetallic Catalysts for Biogas Reforming

Kinetic Modeling of scCO2-Assisted Levulinic Acid Esterification with Ethanol Using Amberlyst-15 as a Catalyst in a Batch Reactor

Mechanochemical Cascade Synthesis of Zinc Complexes for Catalytic C–S Coupling in One-Pot

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Kinetic Modeling of scCO₂-Assisted Levulinic Acid Esterification with Ethanol Using Amberlyst-15 as a Catalyst in a Batch Reactor