Industrial Applications of Dimeric Surfactants: A Review

Abstract

Dimeric surfactants also known as gemini surfactants have received lots of attention for high performance formulations in the various scientific and commercial products. Due to the greater amount of hydrocarbon per molecule, the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of dimeric are typically one order of magnitude lower than the corresponding monomeric surfactant. They are ten to hundred times more efficient at reducing the surface tension of water and the interfacial tension of the oil-water interface than conventional surfactants. Besides, the Krafft temperatures of gemini surfactants with hydrophilic spacers are generally very low giving these surfactants the capacity to be used in cold water. These surfactants display a range of interesting properties, including elevated surface activity, extremely low CMC and extraordinary rheology and selfassimilation aspect. As a consequence of these properties, they have many potential applications include detergents and cleaning agents, cosmetics, textile, and dyeing, dispersion stabilization and emulsion polymerization, genetics science, pharmaceutical, and biological applications.

Aggregation behavior of anionic sulfonate gemini surfactants with dodecylphenyl tails

“…These properties provide an opportunity to attain surfactants with the same efficiency using much smaller amounts of chemicals. In recent years, many scientific studies have focused on the use of gemini surfactants in many industrial fields, such as those pertaining to detergents, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, textiles, food processing, petrochemistry and mining [5][6][7].…”

Surfactants: Role in biofilm management and cellular behaviour

“…Surfactants have the ability to reduce the surface tension between two immiscible agents. They are therefore used in an array of different products, including detergents and cosmetics, emulsions, and paints …”

Mixed micellization study of ibuprofen (sodium salt) and cationic surfactant (conventional as well as gemini)

“…Keeping all above fact in mind, the current paper examines the aggregation behavior of surface active drugs and surfactant (conventional and gemini) mixtures. The gemini surfactant 1, 4‐butanediyl‐α, ω‐bis(dimethyltetradecylammonium bromide) (14‐4‐14) was synthesized in our lab, and the method was implemented as formerly performed by De et al Gemini surfactants have found much application in various fields such as toiletries and personal care product, detergents industries, textile processing, paper sizing chemicals, surface coatings, polymerization, and corrosion inhibition and also show antibacterial, antifungal, and antiseptic properties, and are also used in drug delivery . The outcome possibly will be supportive in proposing the drug delivery formulations of analogous schemes.…”