Industrial applications of Cynara cardunculus L. for energy and other uses

Fernández, Jesús García; Curt, María Dolores; Cortijo, Pedro Luis Aguado

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.06.010

Cited by 225 publications

(181 citation statements)

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“…Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is an herbaceous perennial crop from the Asteraceae family with high biomass productivity under the Mediterranean conditions [1][2][3].Cardoon has several industrial applications, the stalks can be used for energy and pulp and paper production, oil can be extracted from the seeds to produce biodiesel, polyphenols with pharmacological properties can be extracted from the leaves, andcardosins (milk protease) from the capitula are traditionally used for cheese production [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stalks

et al. 2015

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The lignin from Cynara cardunculus stalks was isolated by the classical Björkman method and characterized by pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D-NMR), and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC). The milled Cynara lignin (MCyL) was constituted mainly by guaiacyl (G) and syringyl-units(S) (S/G molar ratio of 0.7), with the complete absence of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. The 2D-NMR analysis indicated a predominance of alkyl-aryl ether linkages (70 % of all inter unit linkages are β-O-4′) and significant amounts of condensed structures such as phenylcoumarans (β-5′, 14 %), resinols (β-β′, 7 %), spirodienones (β-1′, 5 %), and dibenzodioxocins (5-5′, 4 %). Furthermore, the analyses indicated that the lignin is partially acylated at the γ-OH (12 % acylation) by acetate groups and that acetylation occurs preferentially on syringyl-units. As in other plants, acetylation occurs at the monomer stage, and sinapyl acetate behaves as a real lignin monomer participating in lignification in cardoon stalks. The detailed structural characterization of cardoon lignin reported here will foster the industrial use of this biomass for the production of biofuels and other bio-based chemicals under the lignocellulosic biorefinery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stalks

et al. 2015

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“…Just to mention the example of the species used in this experiment, the research on Cynara cardunculus L. (cynara) as a Mediterranean energy crop for the production of biomass started in the 1980's (Fernández et al, 2006). Nowadays, the bibliography available is extensive, covering the production, the quality and the thermal behavior of cynara biomass (Monti et al, 2008;Angelini et al, 2009), as well as many other aspects of its industrial applications (Fernández et al, 2006). However, the effects of organic fertilization in cynara's cultivation systems are still uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sewage sludge use in bioenergy production. A case study of its effects on soil properties under Cynara cardunculus L. cultivation

Lag-Brotons

Gómez

Pedreño

2015

Span. j. agric. res.

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Energy crops cultivation is expected to further increase, which represents an opportunity to establish synergies able to enhance key environmental components (i.e. soil). To reach this benefits crop management is crucial and should be properly assessed. The aim of this work is to provide an insight on the effects of sewage sludge compost (SSC) on soil properties, when this material is applied as basal dressing for the cultivation of a Mediterranean energy crop (Cynara cardunculus L.). A 3-years trial (2008/2011) was conducted in Alicante (Southeastern Spain), testing four SSC application rates (0, 30, 50 and 70 t/ha) on a heavy textured Anthrosol. The addition of SSC enhanced soil fertility, primarily increasing organic carbon (Cox), Kjeldahl nitrogen (Nk), available P (PBurriel), CuDTPA and ZnDTPA levels. Comparatively with the control (0 t/ha), 30, 50 and 70 t/ha treatments induced a rise of 11%, 19% and 25% in Nk (Control=1.11 g/kg) and PBurriel (Control=79 mg/kg), while for Cox (Control=11.8 g/kg) was 14%, 21% and 30%. However, these variables apparently did not significantly decrease throughout the experiment, which suggests that the organic matter added was under a stabilization process, favoured by the poor physical properties of the soil. Other elements (NaNH4Ac, KNH4Ac, MnDTPA) were accumulated within the soil as time passed by, as a result of soil status, Mediterranean environmental conditions and crop management. The use of SSC as organic fertilizer represents an effective option to optimize cynara cultivation systems while improving soil quality through enhanced long-lasting organic matter pools.

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“…altilis (DC) (Cca) grows under the semi-arid conditions as those of south of Portugal. Given to high cellulose and hemicelluloses contents, paper pulp production has been proposed [1]. Moreover, the extraction of bioactive compounds could also be considered for an integrated valorization of Cca.…”

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Antitumoral and antioxidant activities of lipophilic and phenolic extracts from Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC)

Ramos¹,

Guerra²,

Guerreiro³

et al. 2014

Planta Med

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• Congress Abstract Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC) (Cca) grows under the semi-arid conditions as those of south of Portugal. Given to high cellulose and hemicelluloses contents, paper pulp production has been proposed [1]. Moreover, the extraction of bioactive compounds could also be considered for an integrated valorization of Cca. Sesquiterpene lactones (SL) and pentacyclic triterpenes, the major constituents of Cca leaves and capitula lipophilic fractions [2] showed lower tryglyceride levels in rat serum [3] and anti-inflammatory [4] actions, respectively. Besides, cardoon extracts displayed antioxidant [5] and antitumor properties [6,7], mainly due to hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. The present work aims to determine the chemical composition of Cca lipophilic and phenolic fractions, by analyzing respectively their dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol/water/acetic acid (MWAA) (49.5:49.5:1) extracts, by gas chromatography and high temperature-ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the antitumoral activity of Cca DCM extracts was evaluated on human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), by assessing cell proliferation (2 -500 µg/mL), cell cycle and Akt molecular signaling (10.4 µg/mL). Additionally, the antioxidant activity of MWAA extracts (7.5 -400 µg/mL) was determined by DPPH scavenging assay. Cca leaves DCM extract, containing 48.5 ± 3.1% SLs (Table 1), and the major compound, cynaropicrin (2), strongly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cellular viability, inducing cell cycle arrest at G2 phase, with inhibition of Akt phosphorylation at serine 473. In addition, MWAA extracts from Cca stalks outer part, containing 5.9 ± 0.5% hydroxycinnamic acids (HA), were the most effective to scavenge DPPH free radicals. The antioxidant activity was correlated to phenolic (r =-0.897) and HAs (r =-0.990) contents. In conclusion, Cca leaves and stalks outer part are valuable sources of respectively SLs and HAs, with a great antitumoral and antioxidant potential.

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Industrial applications of Cynara cardunculus L. for energy and other uses

Cited by 225 publications

References 15 publications

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stalks

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stalks

Sewage sludge use in bioenergy production. A case study of its effects on soil properties under Cynara cardunculus L. cultivation

Antitumoral and antioxidant activities of lipophilic and phenolic extracts from Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC)

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