Induction Theorem Analysis of Resonant Nanoparticles: Design of a Huygens Source Nanoparticle Laser

Abstract

We propose an advanced formulation of standard antenna theory for the basic investigation and design of resonant nanoparticles. This methodology is based on transforming the original scattering problem into a radiation configuration by invoking the induction theorem. Then applying basic antenna theory principles, such as the suppression of any reactive power, the properties of the resonances are engineered. This nanoantenna approach has been validated by revisiting a number of well-known multilayered core-shell structures. It provides additional important physical insights into how the core-shell structures operate and it enables combinations of different resonant phenomena associated with them, e.g., plasmonic and high-ε resonances, in an intuitive manner. Its efficacy is demonstrated by designing a multilayered nanoparticle that achieves lasing with a maximum directivity in the forward direction and a null in the backward direction, i.e., a Huygens source nanoparticle laser.

Eccentrically-Layered Active Coated Nano-Particles for Directive Near- and Far-Field Radiation

“…Thus, as noted elsewhere in the manuscript, the investigated three-layer active and eccentric nano-particles offer an interesting route of achieving directive near-and far-field radiation properties relative to several of the existing solutions [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

“…These effects were found to be more pronounced the larger the core displacement is; at the same time, relatively large NRR values were attained implying that a large amount of power is extracted from the near-by MLS and is thus radiated in the direction controlled by the core displacement direction. The investigated 3L NP may therefore serve as an alternative candidate to attain the directive near-, as well as far-field radiation properties relative to solutions proposed in, e.g., [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. …”

“…To enhance their directivity, simultaneous excitation of electric and magnetic modes was successfully considered [29,30]; this was also so with the higher-order modes in complimentary media [31] and in configurations utilizing both plasmonic and dielectric materials [32,33]. Moreover, multi-layered active particles based on plasmonic and high-index dielectric materials were used to design a Huygens source NP laser [34]. Furthermore, introducing a hole in the plasmonic shell of an active coated NP was found to provide a necessary asymmetry for the excitation of higher order modes, which enhanced the directivity of the near-field beams in these asymmetric configurations [35].…”

Passive and active metamaterial-inspired nano-scale antennas

“…The same concept can be achieved with nano-antennas. Using a gain impregnated multilayered core-shell particle, we have designed a Huygens source nanoparticle laser [22]. One set of layers produces an electric dipole mode; another set produces the magnetic dipole mode.…”

“…Electrically small antenna designs have been realized with a single metamaterial unit cell and small sets of them; they have been shown to have many potential applications. The metamaterial-inspired, near field resonant parasitic (NFRP) paradigm also has been extended to visible wavelengths, leading to active ENZ optical metamaterials [3], as well as passive and active nano-antennas [4]- [8]; nanolasers [9], [10]; highly directive nano-antennas [10]- [12]; nano-amplifiers [13], [14]; and quantum jammers [13]- [15].…”