Induction of voluntary prolonged running by rats

Russell, James C.; Epling, W. Frank; Pierce, Dana; Amy, R.M.; Boer, Douglas P.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1987.63.6.2549

Cited by 84 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Could the neuroprotective effects of CR be due to the induction of BDNF and other growth factors by increased motor activity? Because the present 23% CR induced much smaller increases of activity in rhesus monkeys than did 10% CR in rats (17), the threshold for activity induction of BDNF may be lower in monkeys than in rats. Clearly, large animals are more resistant to starvation than mice are (8).…”

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confidence: 52%

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The neurotoxicology of hard foraging and fat-melts

Finch¹

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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confidence: 52%

“…However, CR itself also rapidly induces voluntary running in rodents (17,18). Human anorectics also show increased activity, although other mechanisms may be at work (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

The neurotoxicology of hard foraging and fat-melts

Finch¹

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…4 Semi-starvation induced hyperactivity (SIH) is a well characterized phenomenon in laboratory animals. 5,6 Rats supplied with food for only 1 h per day manage to survive, but die within a short period of time when exposed to a running wheel. The enhancement of activity is related to the severity of food restriction; total food deprivation results in a disruption of the nocturnal activity pattern.…”

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confidence: 99%

Leptin suppresses semi-starvation induced hyperactivity in rats: implications for anorexia nervosa

et al. 2000

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Semi-starvation induced hyperactivity (SIH) occurs in rodents upon caloric restriction. We hypothesized that SIH is triggered by the decline in leptin secretion associated with food restriction. To test this hypothesis, rats, which had established a stable level of activity, were treated with leptin or vehicle via implanted minipumps concomitantly to initiation of food restriction for 7 days. In a second experiment treatment was initiated after SIH had already set in. In contrast to the vehicle-treated rats, which increased their baseline activity level by 300%, the development of SIH was suppressed by leptin. Furthermore, leptin was able to stop SIH, after it had set in. These results underscore the assumed major role of leptin in the adaptation to semi-starvation. Because SIH has been viewed as a model for anorexia nervosa, we also assessed subjective ratings of motor restlessness in 30 patients with this eating disorder in the emaciated state associated with hypoleptinemia and after increments in leptin secretion brought upon by therapeutically induced weight gain. Hypoleptinemic patients ranked their motor restlessness higher than upon attainment of their maximal leptin level during inpatient treatment. Thus, hypoleptinemia might also contribute to the hyperactivity frequently associated with anorexia nervosa. Molecular Psychiatry (2000) 5, 476-481.Keywords: food intake; food restriction; energy metabolism; neuroendocrine control of appetite; locomotor activity; running wheels Hyperactivity is observed in 40-80% of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). 1,2 Caloric deprivation severe enough to result in significant weight loss possibly provokes sensations of behavioral arousal and activation in individuals with an innate vulnerability to develop AN. 3 Indeed, reduced food intake and enhanced activity have been viewed as the core symptomatology in AN, because only these behavioral measures consistently distinguish AN from other disorders. 4 Semi-starvation induced hyperactivity (SIH) is a well characterized phenomenon in laboratory animals. 5,6 Rats supplied with food for only 1 h per day manage to survive, but die within a short period of time when exposed to a running wheel. The enhancement of activity is related to the severity of food restriction; total food deprivation results in a disruption of the nocturnal activity pattern. 6 Leptin is assumed to be the major hormone underlying the regulatory phenomena that lead to an adaptation of an organism to reduced energy supplies. 7 Thus, in mice exogenously applied leptin has been shown to blunt the semi-starvation-induced downregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal and thyroid axes as well as the upregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. 7 The rapid decline in leptin secretion associated with caloric restriction and weight loss 7,8 could represent the initial trigger underlying the hyperactivity observed in SIH and AN. As an initial step towards testing this hypothesis we investigated the effect of continuous leptin treatment via minipum...

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“…In the wild, resource acquisition by animals is normally contingent upon them expressing physical activity: a hungry rat must go out and seek food (i.e. express physical activity) (Russell et al, 1987;Overton and Williams, 2004;Duffy et al, 1997;Challet et al, 1997;Krebs et al, 2012). Thus, for most wild animals the obtaining of resources is contingent upon the expression of physical activity (i.e.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercising for food: bringing the laboratory closer to nature

Fonseca

Passos

Araujo

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Traditionally, exercise physiology experiments have borne little resemblance to how animals express physical activity in the wild. In this experiment, 15 adult male rats were divided into three equalsized groups: exercise contingent (CON), non-exercise contingent (NON) and sedentary (SED). The CON group was placed in a cage with a running wheel, where the acquisition of food was contingent upon the distance required to run. Every 3 days the distance required to run to maintain food intake at free feeding levels was increased by 90% in comparison to the previous 3 days. The NON group was housed identically to the CON group, but food acquisition was not dependent upon running in the wheel. Finally, the SED group was kept in small cages with no opportunity to perform exercise. A twoway ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine significant differences in responses between the experimental phases and treatment groups, and ANCOVA was used to analyse growth and tissue mass variables with body length and body mass used separately as covariates. A post hoc Tukey's test was used to indicate significant differences. A Pearson's correlation was used to test the relationship between the distance travelled by the animal and the distance/food ratio. The level of significance was set at P<0.05 for all tests. The CON group showed the hypothesized correlation between distance required to run to obtain food and the mean distance travelled (P<0.001), during 45 days in the contingency phase. This group showed a decrease in body mass, rather than an increase as shown by NON and SED groups. The CON group had a significantly lower body temperature (P<0.05) and adiposity (P<0.05) when compared with the other two groups for the same body size. The present experimental model based on animals choosing the characteristics of their physical exercise to acquire food (i.e. distance travelled, speed and duration) clearly induced physiological effects (body characteristics and internal temperature), which are useful for investigating relevant topics in exercise physiology such as the link between exercise, food and body mass.

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Induction of voluntary prolonged running by rats

Cited by 84 publications

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The neurotoxicology of hard foraging and fat-melts

The neurotoxicology of hard foraging and fat-melts

Leptin suppresses semi-starvation induced hyperactivity in rats: implications for anorexia nervosa

Exercising for food: bringing the laboratory closer to nature

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