Induction of Tetraploidy in Mussels by Suppression of Polar Body Formation.

Scarpa, John; Wada, Katsuhiko T.; Komaru, Akira

doi:10.2331/suisan.59.2017

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The observations where viable tetraploids are obtained by inhibiting PB2 (Allen et al 1994) or by inhibiting both PB1 and PB2 (Scarpa et al 1993; Peruzzi & Guo 2002) are not explained or supported by the present study. The leading or most obvious explanation is that because of the unsynchronized nature of eggs' development, treatments missed intended targets and actually blocked PB1.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…The fact that large numbers of tetraploids are produced using large eggs from triploids seems to support the cytoplasm deficiency hypothesis. However, there is mounting evidence that viable tetraploids can be obtained by direct induction using eggs from diploids (Scarpa et al 1993; Allen et al 1994; Yang et al 2000b; Peruzzi & Guo 2002). This study provides another example of production of viable tetraploid by direct induction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While tetraploid embryos were readily produced, tetraploids failed to survive beyond larval stages in most species studied so far (Stanley, Allen & Hidu 1981; Arai, Naito & Fujino 1986; Yamamoto & Sugawara 1988; Stephens 1989; Guo, Hershberger, Cooper & Chew 1994). A few viable tetraploids were produced by treatments aimed at blocking both polar body 1 (PB1) and 2 (PB2) in the blue mussel (Scarpa, Wada & Komaru 1993) and the dwarf surfclam (Peruzzi & Guo 2002). In the Manila clam, incidental tetraploids were observed among triploids produced by blocking PB2 (Allen, Shpigel, Utting & Spencer 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tetraploid induction by meiosis inhibition in the dwarf surfclam Mulinia lateralis (Say 1822): effects of cytochalasin B duration

Yang¹

2004

Aquac Research

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Di¡erent durations of a cytochalasin B (CB) treatment were tested for tetraploid induction by meiosis inhibition in the dwarf surfclam Mulinia lateralis Say. Cytochalasin B, 0.67 mg L À 1 , was applied to newly fertilized eggs at 8^10-min post fertilization and removed when in the untreated eggs: (1) Polar body 1 (PB1) was released in 90% of the eggs and polar body 2 (PB2) began to form (T1); (2) Polar body 2 was released in about 25^30% of the eggs (T2); (3) Polar body 2 was released in about 70^75% of the eggs (T3); or (4) eggs began to enter mitosis I or the polar lobe began to form (T4). Three replicates were produced using di¡erent sets of parents. The ploidy of resultant larvae and juveniles was determined by £ow cytometry. Blocking PB1 alone in T1 groups produced mostly tetraploids, and longer CB treatments in T2 and T3 resulted in increasing numbers of pentaploids. In T4 groups where both PB1 and PB2 were inhibited, larvae were predominantly pentaploids. Pentaploid larvae were arrested at the trochophore stage. The majority of tetraploid larvae died as trochophores, although a small fraction reached D-stage. Among 478 juvenile clams sampled from a T1 group, three (0.6%) were con¢rmed as tetraploids. This study shows that tetraploid embryos can be produced at high e⁄ciencies (40^90%) by blocking meiosis I. Tetraploids produced by meiosis inhibition in normal eggs are viable in M. lateralis, but their survival beyond metamorphosis is extremely low.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tetraploid induction by meiosis inhibition in the dwarf surfclam Mulinia lateralis (Say 1822): effects of cytochalasin B duration

Yang¹

2004

Aquac Research

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“…Meiosis inhibition has been successfully used in the production of tetraploid fish (Chourrout 1984;Hershberger & Hostuttler 2005). This method of 'blocking PB1' (Guo 1991;Guo & Allen 1994) has been used on bivalves in temperate countries (Scarpa, Wada & Komaru 1993;Yang, Que, He & Zhang 2000;Peruzzi & Guo 2002;Yang & Guo 2004). Meiosis can be inhibited by physical means such as heat and cold shocks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetraploid induction in tropical oysters, Crassostrea belcheri (Sowerby) and Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino)

et al. 2016

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Tetraploid induction has been conducted on temperate oysters but not on tropical oysters. In this study, different heat shocks (32, 35 and 38°C) and cold shocks (1, 4 and 7°C) were used to induce tetraploidy in two tropical oyster species, Crassostrea belcheri and Crassostrea iredalei, through meiosis I inhibition. Temperature shocks were applied on the newly fertilized eggs at 8-10 min post fertilization and terminated when second polar bodies began to form in the control eggs. The ploidy of the larvae and spat was determined via direct chromosome count. The percentage of larval survival until Day 20 was low (between 0.4% and 42.9%) for both temperature shocks and oyster species. No surviving larva was recorded for induction at 1, 4 and 38°C. Tetraploid spat was only recorded in C. iredalei but the percentage is low through heat shock induction of 32 and 35°C. This study shows that the tetraploid induction success rate was slightly higher in C. iredalei compared to C. belcheri. No surviving tetraploid spat were recorded for both oyster species through the cold shock method. This study shows that heat shock can be used to inhibit meiosis for the production of tetraploids but more experiments need to be conducted to determine the optimum temperature when dealing with tropical oysters.

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“…Inhibiting PB1 formation, on the other hand, generally results in both low yields of triploidy and low larval survival (Guo, Cooper, Hershberger & Chew 1992a; Gérard, Ledu, Phelipot & Naciri 1999) and is therefore not preferred. Although suppressing both PB1 and PB2 formation is rarely practised, the production of viable tetraploid spat as achieved by Scarpa, Wada and Komaru (1993) when applying this method to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of cytochalasin B (CB) treatments for triploidy induction in the blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814)

Liu¹,

Heasman²,

Simpson³

2004

Aquac Research

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The e¡ectiveness of cytochalasin B (CB) treatments for inducing triploidy was evaluated in the blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814) in two orthogonal design experiments. The ¢rst experiment employed three dosages (DSs) of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg CB L À 1 , three starting times (STs) of 5, 15 and 25 min post fertilization and three treatment durations (TDs) of 10, 20 and 40 min, for a total of 27 treatments. The second experiment comprised of two DSs of 0.25 and 0.5 mg CB L À 1 , ¢ve STs of 5, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min post fertilization, and three TDs of 10, 20 and 40 min, for a total of 30 treatments. Water temperature was held at 17.5^18.5 1C. Day 3 larvae were sampled for triploidy using £ow cytometry (FCM) and survival. Optimal inductions were treatments starting at 15 or 20 min post fertilization and continuing for 40 min, and those initiated 25 or 30 min post fertilization for 20 or 40 min, using 0.5 mg CB L À1 . These treatments were all targeted at inhibition of the second polar body (PB2) formation and yielded triploidy rates of 84.8^89.5% coupled with (relative) survival rates of 20.1^52.1% in the ¢rst experiment, and corresponding rates of 86.5^96.5% and 33.0^74.1%, respectively, in the second experiment. A common and essential feature of these optimal conditions is that treatment must fully span the period of time for most of the eggs to extrude PB2. Treatments that resulted in suppression of the ¢rst polar body (PB1) formation induced triploidy levels below 71.5% and 57.6% in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. Treatments that had overlapping e¡ects on both PB1 and PB2 extrusion led to triploidy rates above 80% but very low survival rates of 1.8% and 5.4% in experiments 1 and 2 respectively.

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Induction of Tetraploidy in Mussels by Suppression of Polar Body Formation.

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Tetraploid induction by meiosis inhibition in the dwarf surfclam Mulinia lateralis (Say 1822): effects of cytochalasin B duration

Tetraploid induction by meiosis inhibition in the dwarf surfclam Mulinia lateralis (Say 1822): effects of cytochalasin B duration

Tetraploid induction in tropical oysters, Crassostrea belcheri (Sowerby) and Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino)

Evaluation of cytochalasin B (CB) treatments for triploidy induction in the blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814)

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