Induction of systemic tolerance to <i>Tilletia indica</i> in wheat by plant defence activators

Kashyap, Prem Lal; Kaur, Satvinder; Pannu, P.P.S.

doi:10.1080/03235408.2018.1438778

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The KB infected grains are of low quality as they harbor an unacceptable smell, color, and taste and at as low as 1% infection the grains/flour becomes unpalatable ( Duveiller and Mezzalama, 2009 ; Kashyap et al, 2018 ). Consequently, any KB infected wheat grain lot mostly ends up relegated to animal feeds, ultimately, fetching a significantly lower price in the market and resulting in considerable financial losses to the growers ( Pandey et al, 2019 ; Emebiri et al, 2019a ).…”

Section: Economic Importance Of Kb: a Yield Loss Vs Trade Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, because of the low infestation, usually not up to a level to cause any significant loss, the chemical measures are generally neither applied nor comprehensively effective. Apart from this, because of the complex infection mechanism, the management of KB is difficult using cultural practices and fungicide applications ( Pandey et al, 2018 ; Kashyap et al, 2018 ; Gurjar et al, 2018 ; Emebiri et al, 2019a ). Although, application of chemical fungicides like carbendazim, triadimefon, and propiconazole as foliar spray has been found to be effective to control the KB incidences in wheat ( Duveiller and Mezzalama, 2009 ).…”

Section: Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in large scale commercial production of wheat and, particularly, in the developing countries, this remedy seems to be an unrealistic prospect. Kashyap et al (2018) reported the application of plant defense activators as a promising disease management strategy. Nonetheless, till now, most effective, economical and eco-friendly recognized KB management strategy is the host plant resistance in the form of resistant wheat cultivars.…”

Section: Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karnal Bunt: A Re-Emerging Old Foe of Wheat

Bishnoi

Phuke³

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) crop health assumes unprecedented significance in being the second most important staple crop of the world. It is host to an array of fungal pathogens attacking the plant at different developmental stages and accrues various degrees of yield losses owing to these. Tilletia indica that causes Karnal bunt (KB) disease in wheat is one such fungal pathogen of high quarantine importance restricting the free global trade of wheat besides the loss of grain yield as well as quality. With global climate change, the disease appears to be shifting from its traditional areas of occurrence with reports of increased vulnerabilities of new areas across the continents. This KB vulnerability of new geographies is of serious concern because once established, the disease is extremely difficult to eradicate and no known instance of its complete eradication using any management strategy has been reported yet. The host resistance to KB is the most successful as well as preferred strategy for its mitigation and control. However, breeding of KB resistant wheat cultivars has proven to be not so easy, and the low success rate owes to the scarcity of resistance sources, extremely laborious and regulated field screening protocols delaying identification/validation of putative resistance sources, and complex quantitative nature of resistance with multiple genes conferring only partial resistance. Moreover, given a lack of comprehensive understanding of the KB disease epidemiology, host-pathogen interaction, and pathogen evolution. Here, in this review, we attempt to summarize the progress made and efforts underway toward a holistic understanding of the disease itself with a specific focus on the host-pathogen interaction between T. indica and wheat as key elements in the development of resistant germplasm. In this context, we emphasize the tools and techniques being utilized in development of KB resistant germplasm by illuminating upon the genetics concerning the host responses to the KB pathogen including a future course. As such, this article could act as a one stop information primer on this economically important and re-emerging old foe threatening to cause devastating impacts on food security and well-being of communities that rely on wheat.

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Section: Economic Importance Of Kb: a Yield Loss Vs Trade Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karnal Bunt: A Re-Emerging Old Foe of Wheat

Bishnoi

Phuke³

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…It has been noticed that the deterioration in the quality of wheat grain varies with the severity of T. indica infection during the spike growth stage (boot leaf stage or Zadok’s stage 49) in wheat ( Kaur and Kaur, 2005 ; Goates and Jackson, 2006 ). Kashyap et al (2018) documented that more than 3% KB infection in wheat grains had a negative impact on the appearance and taste of chapattis, cookies, and bread. However, >5% infection in wheat grains was unsuitable as a food source for humans ( Sekhon et al, 1980 ; Warham, 1986 ; Ullah et al, 2012 ; Kumar et al, 2017 ; Kashyap et al, 2019a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of nine Tilletia indica genomes for the development of novel microsatellite markers for genetic diversity and population structure analysis

Kashyap

Kumar

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Karnal bunt (KB; Tilletia indica) is the prime quarantine concern for quality wheat production throughout the world. The most effective approach to dealing with this biotic stress is to breed KB-resistant wheat varieties, which warrants a better understanding of T. indica genome architecture. In India, the North Western Plain Zone is the prime hot spot for KB disease, but only limited efforts have been made to decipher T. indica diversity at the genomic level. Microsatellites offer a powerful and robust typing system for the characterization and genetic diversity assessment of plant pathogens. At present, inadequate information is available with respect to the development of genome-derived markers for revealing genetic variability in T. indica populations. In current research, nine complete genome sequences of T. indica (PSWKBGH_1, PSWKBGH_2, PSWKBGD_1_3, RAKB_UP_1, TiK_1, Tik, DAOMC236408, DAOMC236414, and DAOMC236416) that exist in the public domain were explored to know the dynamic distribution of microsatellites. Comparative genome analysis revealed a high level of relative abundance and relative density of microsatellites in the PSWKBGH_1 genome in contrast to other genomes. No significant correlation between microsatellite distribution for GC content and genome size was established. All the genomes showed the dominance of tri-nucleotide motifs, followed by mono-, di-, tetra-, hexa-, and penta-nucleotide motifs. Out of 50 tested markers, 36 showed successful amplification in T. indica isolates and produced 52 different alleles. A PCR assay along with analysis of the polymorphic information content (PIC) revealed 10 markers as neutral and polymorphic loci (PIC 0.37). The identified polymorphic SSR loci grouped a geographically distinct T. indica population of 50 isolates representing seven Indian regions (Jammu, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan) into four distinct clusters. The results of the analysis of molecular variance identified 94% genetic variation within the population and 6% among the population. Structure analysis also confirmed the existence of four genetically diverse groups containing admixtures of T. indica isolates across populations. In nutshell, the current study was successful in identifying novel, neutral and polymorphic microsatellite markers that will be valuable in offering deep insight into the evolutionary relationship and dynamics of the T. indica population for devising effective KB management strategies in wheat.

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“…The fungus infests the ovaries in the emerging wheat heads resulting in partially or completely filled powdery masses of teliospores emitting a foul smell of trimethylamine (Shakoor et al, 2015). Wheat grains infected with KB are of low quality as they port an unacceptable odor, color, and taste and at as low as 1% infection the grains/flour become unpalatable (Kashyap et al, 2018). Most devastating effect of Karnal bunt (KB) is to quarantine regulations that may restrict the free global trade of wheat besides the loss of grain yield and quality as well (Bishnoi et al, 2020;Sukhwinder et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum bessarabicum genetic stock for stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance

et al. 2023

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Utilization of modern breeding techniques for developing high yielding and uniform plant types ultimately narrowing the genetic makeup of most crops. Narrowed genetic makeup of these crops has made them vulnerable towards disease and insect epidemics. For sustainable crop production, genetic variability of these crops must be broadened against various biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the ways to widen genetic configuration of these crops is to identify novel additional sources of durable resistance. In this regard crops wild relatives are providing valuable sources of allelic diversity towards various biotic, abiotic stress tolerance and quality components. For incorporating novel variability from wild relative’s wide hybridization technique has become a promising breeding method. For this purpose, wheat-Th. bessarabicum amphiploid, addition and translocation lines have been screened in field and screen house conditions to get novel sources of yellow rust and Karnal bunt resistant. Stripe rust screening under field conditions has revealed addition lines 4JJ and 6JJ as resistant to moderately resistant while addition lines 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ and translocation lines Tr-3, Tr-6 as moderately resistant wheat-Thinopyrum-bessarabicum genetic stock. Karnal bunt screening depicted addition lines 5JJ and 4JJ as highly resistant genetic stock. These genetic stocks may be used to introgression novel stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance from the tertiary gene pool into susceptible wheat backgrounds.

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Induction of systemic tolerance to Tilletia indica in wheat by plant defence activators

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Karnal Bunt: A Re-Emerging Old Foe of Wheat

Karnal Bunt: A Re-Emerging Old Foe of Wheat

Comparative analysis of nine Tilletia indica genomes for the development of novel microsatellite markers for genetic diversity and population structure analysis

Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum bessarabicum genetic stock for stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance

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