Induction of Systemic Resistance in Sugar- Beet against Root-Knot Nematode with Commercial Products

Abstract

The potentials of Bio-arc (a commercial formulation of the Bacillus megaterium) at the rate of 5, 10, 15 and 20 ml and Nemastrol (a commercial formulation of active ingredients) at the rate of 0.25 ml, for induction of systemic resistance to sugar-beet var. Negma infected with M. incognita were conducted in two soil types. Results revealed that all treatments with tested rates were found to have nematicidal activity against nematode infection and improved plant growth parameters of sugar-beet with various levels of success. The dual application of Bio-arc+Nemastrol at the rate of 20 ml +0.25 ml proved to be the best and showed significant improvement in plant growth parameters in terms of shoot length (92.6,127.5%) and total plant fresh weight (91.7, 370.4) of sugar-beet grown either in clayey or sandy soil, respectively. Among all treatments Nemastrol ranked next to oxamyl and performed the best and significantly suppressed total nematode population (Rf=1.9, 2.2), root galling (RGI=3.0, 3.0), number of egg masses (EI=3.0, 3.0) and number of eggs / egg mass (Red. %=76.5, 74.5) in clayey and sandy soil, respectively. However, concomitant treatment showed better results than did Bio-arc alone at four tested rates. The greatest suppression in total nematode population was recorded with clayey and sandy soil receiving the dual application of Nemastrol (0.25 ml) and Bio-arc (20 ml) with reproduction factor 2.2, 2.6 and reduction percentages reached 92.8, 92.6% respectively. Leaves of sugar-beet were assayed for their biochemical profiles with respect to NPK, total cholorophyll, total carbohydrates, proteins, and phenols. Moreover, remarkable induction in such chemical constituents except phenol content was recorded with the application of Bio-arc+Nemastrol (20 ml+0.25 ml). On the other hand, activities of related enzymes i.e. Peroxidase (PO) and Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) were evaluated in roots of sugar-beet infected with M. incognita. The enzymes accumulation was much greatest in Bio-arc+Nemastrol (20+0.25 ml) treated plants compared to control as they reached their peak at day 9 th from nematode inoculation.

Management of Meloidogyne incognita infecting eggplant by ginger and clove grinded seeds singly integrated with two bio-agents under greenhouse conditions

“…The greatest suppression in nematodes population (95.7%), root galling (83.0%), and number of egg masses (100%) was also sustained at the soil amended with ginger +clove + bio-arc + bio-zed+ oxamyl since incorporation of such organic materials into soil might enhance B. megaterium and Trichoderma album activity that initiates antibiotics towards nematode population. Results of this study support the findings of Mostafa et al (2014) andEl Destiny (2016) in respect of the microbial activity, i.e., B. megaterium in the soil is enhanced on the incorporation of organic matter that initiated antibiosis towards the nematode activity. Padgham and Sikora (2007) reported that B. megaterium caused a repellence of M. graminicola from rice roots.…”

Biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas rhodesiae GC-7 against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola through both antagonistic effects and induced plant resistance

“…Several rhizobacteria can enhance plant resistance against pathogens by activating defense-related enzymes ( Chen et al, 2009 ; Fatma et al, 2014 ; Narendra Babu et al, 2015 ; Salla et al, 2016 ; Rais et al, 2017 ). PAL has been reported to be involved in plant defense mechanisms as it is the first enzyme in phenylpropanoid metabolism and related to the biosynthesis of phenolics and SA ( Jain and Choudhary, 2014 ; Di Lelio et al, 2021 ).…”

Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of beetroot parasitized by Meloidogyne javanica and treated with elicitors

“…One such practice is the use of elicitors of plant resistance, which act by activating natural defense responses through different biochemical routes, ultimately inducing systemic resistance in plants (Mostafa et al, 2014).…”