Induction of synthesis of an antimicrobial peptide in the skin of the freeze‐tolerant frog, <i>Rana sylvatica</i>, in response to environmental stimuli

Matutte, Beverly; Storey, Kenneth B.; Knoop, Floyd C.; Conlon, J. Michael

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02102-5

Cited by 93 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Drops in temperature on a monthly or seasonal time scale might also be particularly important, because ectotherms seem to take longer to acclimate to a temperature decrease than to a temperature increase (35). For a variety of immune cells and proteins, low temperatures can dramatically reduce their production and/or activity levels, including (but probably not limited to) peripheral leukocyte levels (32,34), T and B cell proliferation (35), macrophage endocytosis (36), and abundance of antimicrobial skin peptides (37), the latter of which are known to be important for defending against Bd (22). Potential increases in host susceptibility with drops in temperature are of particular concern for Bd epidemics because decreases in temperature might benefit this relatively cold-tolerant pathogen (22,32,38).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking global climate and temperature variability to widespread amphibian declines putatively caused by disease

Rohr

Raffel

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

301

282

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The role of global climate change in the decline of biodiversity and the emergence of infectious diseases remains controversial, and the effect of climatic variability, in particular, has largely been ignored. For instance, it was recently revealed that the proposed link between climate change and widespread amphibian declines, putatively caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ), was tenuous because it was based on a temporally confounded correlation. Here we provide temporally unconfounded evidence that global El Niño climatic events drive widespread amphibian losses in genus Atelopus via increased regional temperature variability, which can reduce amphibian defenses against pathogens. Of 26 climate variables tested, only factors associated with temperature variability could account for the spatiotemporal patterns of declines thought to be associated with Bd . Climatic predictors of declines became significant only after controlling for a pattern consistent with epidemic spread (by temporally detrending the data). This presumed spread accounted for 59% of the temporal variation in amphibian losses, whereas El Niño accounted for 59% of the remaining variation. Hence, we could account for 83% of the variation in declines with these two variables alone. Given that global climate change seems to increase temperature variability, extreme climatic events, and the strength of Central Pacific El Niño episodes, climate change might exacerbate worldwide enigmatic declines of amphibians, presumably by increasing susceptibility to disease. These results suggest that changes to temperature variability associated with climate change might be as significant to biodiversity losses and disease emergence as changes to mean temperature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking global climate and temperature variability to widespread amphibian declines putatively caused by disease

Rohr

Raffel

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

301

282

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“…Our results suggest that the effect of pH should be taken into consideration in all assays of antimicrobial peptides. Staphylococcus aureus is also inhibited by peptides from plethodontid salamanders (Fredericks and Dankert, 2000) and several frog species (Zasloff, 1987;Goraya et al, 1998Goraya et al, , 2000Matutte et al, 2000;Conlon et al, 2004). Klebsiella pneumoniae was shown to be inhibited by Magainin 2, a peptide from Xenopus laevis (Zasloff, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptide Defenses in the Salamander, Ambystoma Tigrinum, Against Emerging Amphibian Pathogens

Sheafor

Davidson

Parr

et al. 2008

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Skin peptides were collected from living Ambystoma tigrinum larvae and adults and tested against two emerging pathogens, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and the Ambystoma tigrinum virus (ATV), as well as bacteria isolated from A. tigrinum. Natural mixtures of skin peptides were found to inhibit growth of B. dendrobatidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella sp., but activity against ATV was unpredictable. Skin peptides collected from salamanders held at three environmentally relevant temperatures differed in activity against B. dendrobatidis. Activity of the A. tigrinum skin peptides was found to be strongly influenced by pH.

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“…The extracts were loaded onto solid phase extraction Sep-pack C-18 cartridges (SPE 6 ml, 1000 mg, Macherey Nagel) equilibrated with acetonitril/water/trifluoroacetic acid (ACN/ water/TFA, 80:20:0.1). After washes in acidified water (HCl 0.7 M), bound material was eluted with ACN/ water/TFA at a flow rate of 2 ml min -1 (Matutte et al 2000). Haemolymph was extracted by homogenizing in 0.1% TFA (v/v) for 1 h at 0°C and centrifugation (1000 × g, 60 min, 4°C).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antiviral activity of oyster peptide extracts and crude haemolymph was also monitored. Peptide extraction from oyster tissues was developed on the basis of previous works on peptidic antimicrobial substances from frogs (Amiche et al 2000, Matutte et al 2000, lobsters (Nousiainen et al 1998), and mussels (Mitta et al 2000). …”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro research of anti-HSV-1 activity in different extracts from Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas

Olicard¹,

Didier²,

Marty³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Mortalities related to the detection of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) have been previously reported in France among larvae and spat of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Adult oysters appear less sensitive to herpesvirus infections, although OsHV-1 has been detected in adults without signs of disease or mortality. This suggests that the virus is able to persist in its host and that adult oysters may be able to control OsHV-1 infection. Little is known about antiviral substances in invertebrates. The present work concerns the research of antiviral substances in adult oyster C. gigas, where putative antiviral activities were monitored using 3 strategies: (1) in metabolites with variable polarity, (2) in peptidic extracts and (3) in crude haemolymph. In vitro antiviral assays were based on inhibition of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication in Vero cell monolayers. All extracts presented no cytotoxicity. Antiviral activity was detected in the fresh filtered haemolymph (EC 50 :425 µg ml -1) and seasonal variation of the haemolymph antiviral activity was monitored.KEY WORDS: Oyster · Crassostrea gigas · Antiviral defence · OsHV-1 · HSV-1 · Antiviral peptides · Haemolymph Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 67: [141][142][143][144][145][146][147] 2005 reported (Le Deuff et al. 1996). Adult oysters could be more resistant to viral infections in developing effective immunity against OsHV-1.Despite the impact that viral diseases have on shellfish cultures, little is known about how shellfish farmers can prevent and treat viral infections or about how shellfish control viral diseases. Although invertebrates do not produce specific antibodies (Shapiro 1975), they may rely on their innate defence for host protection against viruses. Reports on viruses infecting bivalves are available today, but those focusing on antiviral defence mechanisms are poorly documented. Antiviral substances have rarely been reported in bivalves and are particularly rare for Crassostrea gigas (Prescott et al. 1966, Li & Traxler 1972, Bachère et al. 1989, Lee & Maruyama 1998.The main objective of the present study was the detection of antiviral substances in adult Crassostrea gigas oysters. Antiviral and cytotoxicity activities of oyster aqueous and alcoholic extracts were evaluated in vitro against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infecting Vero cells. Cytotoxicity activity assays were performed in order to demonstrate that oyster extracts were not causing Vero cell mortality. The protocol used in the present study to prepare aqueous and alcoholic oyster extracts was previously developed for extraction of marine bioactive substances (Hellio et al. 2000). Antiviral activity of oyster peptide extracts and crude haemolymph was also monitored. Peptide extraction from oyster tissues was developed on the basis of previous works on peptidic antimicrobial substances from frogs (Amiche et al. 2000, Matutte et al. 2000, lobsters (Nousiainen et al. 1998), and mussels (Mitta ...

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Induction of synthesis of an antimicrobial peptide in the skin of the freeze‐tolerant frog, Rana sylvatica, in response to environmental stimuli

Cited by 93 publications

References 21 publications

Linking global climate and temperature variability to widespread amphibian declines putatively caused by disease

Linking global climate and temperature variability to widespread amphibian declines putatively caused by disease

Antimicrobial Peptide Defenses in the Salamander, Ambystoma Tigrinum, Against Emerging Amphibian Pathogens

In vitro research of anti-HSV-1 activity in different extracts from Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas

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