Induction of sucrose synthase in the phloem of phytoplasma infected maize

Brzin, J.; Petrovič, Nataša; Ravnikar, Maja; Kovač, Maja

doi:10.1007/s10535-011-0173-9

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Reverse correlation between the expression of SuSy and acid invertase has been confirmed in SuSy-overexpressing potato tubers (Baroja-Fernández et al, 2009 ). The findings of our study underline the significance of SuSy in phytoplasma-plant interaction, as has been recently suggested for maize infected with maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (Brzin et al, 2011 ). In phloem conditions of high sucrose and low fructose, as seen from the metabolome analysis, SuSy likely operates as a sucrose-degrading enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Metabolic Consequences of Infection of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. “Modra frankinja” with Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma

et al. 2016

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Flavescence dorée, caused by the quarantine phytoplasma FDp, represents the most devastating of the grapevine yellows diseases in Europe. In an integrated study we have explored the FDp–grapevine interaction in infected grapevines of cv. “Modra frankinja” under natural conditions in the vineyard. In FDp-infected leaf vein-enriched tissues, the seasonal transcriptional profiles of 14 genes selected from various metabolic pathways showed an FDp-specific plant response compared to other grapevine yellows and uncovered a new association of the SWEET17a vacuolar transporter of fructose with pathogens. Non-targeted metabolome analysis from leaf vein-enriched tissues identified 22 significantly changed compounds with increased levels during infection. Several metabolites corroborated the gene expression study. Detailed investigation of the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism revealed significant accumulation of sucrose and starch in the mesophyll of FDp-infected leaves, as well as significant up-regulation of genes involved in their biosynthesis. In addition, infected leaves had high activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and, more significantly, sucrose synthase. The data support the conclusion that FDp infection inhibits phloem transport, resulting in accumulation of carbohydrates and secondary metabolites that provoke a source-sink transition and defense response status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Metabolic Consequences of Infection of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. “Modra frankinja” with Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma

et al. 2016

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“…SUS is encoded by a small family of genes, divergent and differentially expressed. Recently, immunolocalization and Western blot analysis showed a several-fold induction of a low oxygen inducible SUS isoform in companion cells of phytoplasma-inhabited phloem of maize leaf sheaths and stems (Brzin et al 2011), suggesting a pivotal role of this enzyme both in sucrose partitioning and in responding to the pathogen. SUS is also believed to play a major role in both starch and cellulose biosynthesis (Baroja-Fernández et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser microdissection of grapevine leaf phloem infected by stolbur reveals site‐specific gene responses associated to sucrose transport and metabolism

Santi

Grisan

Pierasco

et al. 2012

Plant Cell & Environment

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Bois Noir is an emergent disease of grapevine that has been associated to a phytoplasma belonging to the XII-A stolbur group. In plants, phytoplasmas have been found mainly in phloem sieve elements, from where they spread moving through the pores of plates, accumulating especially in source leaves. To examine the expression of grapevine genes involved in sucrose transport and metabolism, phloem tissue, including sieve element/companion cell complexes and some parenchyma cells, was isolated from healthy and infected leaves by means of laser microdissection pressure catapulting (LMPC). Site-specific expression analysis dramatically increased sensitivity, allowing us to identify specific process components almost completely masked in whole-leaf analysis. Our findings showed decreased phloem loading through inhibition of sucrose transport and increased sucrose cleavage activity, which are metabolic changes strongly suggesting the establishment of a phytoplasma-induced switch from carbohydrate source to sink. The analysis focused at the infection site also showed a differential regulation and specificity of two pathogenesisrelated thaumatin-like genes (TL4 and TL5) of the PR-5 family.

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“…The host cell machinery is manipulated by many pathogens for nutrient release ( Fatima and Senthil-Kumar, 2015 ; Oliva and Quibod, 2017 ). Biotic stresses have been found to increase cell wall invertase activity ( Berger et al , 2007 ; Bolton, 2009 ; Proels and Hückelhoven, 2014 ) and to alter sucrose synthase at different levels: gene expression in leaf veins and syncytia ( Hren et al , 2009 ; Cabello et al , 2014 ), the protein level in the phloem ( Brzin et al , 2011 ) and enzymatic activity in the wheat spikelet ( Rios et al , 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of sugar metabolism genes in the nitrogen-dependent susceptibility of tomato stems toBotrytis cinerea

et al. 2020

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Background and Aims The main soluble sugars are important components of plant defence against pathogens, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Upon infection by Botrytis cinerea, the activation of several sugar transporters, from both plant and fungus, illustrates the struggle for carbon resources. In sink tissues, the metabolic use of the sugars mobilized in the synthesis of defence compounds or antifungal barriers is not fully understood. Methods In this study, the nitrogen-dependent variation of tomato stem susceptibility to B. cinerea was used to examine – before and throughout the course of infection – the transcriptional activity of enzymes involved in sugar metabolism. Under different nitrate nutrition regimes, the expressions of genes that encode the enzymes of sugar metabolism (invertases, sucrose synthases, hexokinases, fructokinases and phosphofructokinases), as well as sugar contents, were measured before inoculation and in asymptomatic tissues surrounding the lesions after inoculation. Key Results At high nitrogen availability, decreased susceptibility was associated with the over-expression of several genes two days after inoculation: sucrose synthase Sl-SUS1 and Sl-SUS3, cell wall invertase Sl-LIN5 to Sl-LIN9 and some fructokinase and phosphofructokinase genes. By contrast, increased susceptibility corresponded to the early repression of several genes that encode cell wall invertase and sucrose synthase. The evolution of sugar contents was coherent with the gene expressions. Conclusions The activation of specific genes which encode sucrose synthase is required for enhanced defence. Since the over-expression of fructokinase is also associated with reduced susceptibility, it can be hypothesized that supplemental sucrose cleavage by sucrose synthases is dedicated to the production of cell wall components from UDP-glucose, or to the additional implication of fructose for the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds, or both.

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Induction of sucrose synthase in the phloem of phytoplasma infected maize

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Metabolic Consequences of Infection of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. “Modra frankinja” with Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma

Metabolic Consequences of Infection of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. “Modra frankinja” with Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma

Laser microdissection of grapevine leaf phloem infected by stolbur reveals site‐specific gene responses associated to sucrose transport and metabolism

Regulation of sugar metabolism genes in the nitrogen-dependent susceptibility of tomato stems toBotrytis cinerea

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