Induction of Rhizopus oryzae Pyruvate Decarboxylase Genes

Skory, Christopher D.

doi:10.1007/s00284-002-3933-0

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This could be an explanation for the fact that A. nidulans does not appear to have other pathways for regenerating NAD ϩ in the absence of oxygen (34). In Rhizopus oryzae, the expression of the genes encoding the two pyruvate decarboxylases, pdcA and pdcB, is tightly connected to hypoxic stress and was correlated with the formation of ethanol (67). Our work demonstrates the existence of a functional pyruvate decarboxylase in P. chrysogenum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Resolving Phenylalanine Metabolism Sheds Light on Natural Synthesis of Penicillin G in Penicillium chrysogenum

et al. 2012

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The industrial production of penicillin G by Penicillium chrysogenum requires the supplementation of the growth medium with the side chain precursor phenylacetate. The growth of P. chrysogenum with phenylalanine as the sole nitrogen source resulted in the extracellular production of phenylacetate and penicillin G. To analyze this natural pathway for penicillin G production, chemostat cultures were switched to [U-13 C]phenylalanine as the nitrogen source. The quantification and modeling of the dynamics of labeled metabolites indicated that phenylalanine was (i) incorporated in nascent protein, (ii) transaminated to phenylpyruvate and further converted by oxidation or by decarboxylation, and (iii) hydroxylated to tyrosine and subsequently metabolized via the homogentisate pathway. The involvement of the homogentisate pathway was supported by the comparative transcriptome analysis of P. chrysogenum cultures grown with phenylalanine and with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 as the nitrogen source. This transcriptome analysis also enabled the identification of two putative 2-oxo acid decarboxylase genes (Pc13g9300 and Pc18g01490). cDNAs of both genes were cloned and expressed in the 2-oxo-acid-decarboxylase-free Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK711-7C (pdc1 pdc5 pdc6⌬ aro10⌬ thi3⌬). The introduction of Pc13g09300 restored the growth of this S. cerevisiae mutant on glucose and phenylalanine, thereby demonstrating that Pc13g09300 encodes a dual-substrate pyruvate and phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, which plays a key role in an Ehrlich-type pathway for the production of phenylacetate in P. chrysogenum. These results provide a basis for the metabolic engineering of P. chrysogenum for the production of the penicillin G side chain precursor phenylacetate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Resolving Phenylalanine Metabolism Sheds Light on Natural Synthesis of Penicillin G in Penicillium chrysogenum

et al. 2012

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“…In R. oryzae NRRL 395, two PDC - encoding genes were detected, which were not expressed in the presence of the non-fermentable carbon source glycerol but were readily expressed after the addition of d -glucose (Skory 2003a). In addition, the absence of oxygen increased the transcript levels of these genes.…”

Section: Pathways Of the Main Fermentation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic engineering of Rhizopus oryzae for the production of platform chemicals

Meussen

Graaff

Sanders

et al. 2012

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Rhizopus oryzae is a filamentous fungus belonging to the Zygomycetes . It is among others known for its ability to produce the sustainable platform chemicals l -(+)-lactic acid, fumaric acid, and ethanol. During glycolysis, all fermentable carbon sources are metabolized to pyruvate and subsequently distributed over the pathways leading to the formation of these products. These platform chemicals are produced in high yields on a wide range of carbon sources. The yields are in excess of 85 % of the theoretical yield for l -(+)-lactic acid and ethanol and over 65 % for fumaric acid. The study and optimization of the metabolic pathways involved in the production of these compounds requires well-developed metabolic engineering tools and knowledge of the genetic makeup of this organism. This review focuses on the current metabolic engineering techniques available for R. oryzae and their application on the metabolic pathways of the main fermentation products.

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“…Mucor dimorphism has interested microbiologists since the time of Pasteur [12]. Among these Mucorales fungi, R. oryzae, although is the most common causative agent of zygomycosis, is widely used for the production of fermented foods, industrial enzymes, organic acids, corticosteroids and alcoholic beverages [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Extracellular Factors on Growth and Dimorphism of Rhizopus oryzae with Multiple Enzyme Synthesizing Ability

2011

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Rhizopus oryzae PR7 MTCC 9642 was a dimorphic fungus that showed a regular 90 days cycle of filament (mycelium) to pellet (yeast) transformation through a distinct bottom dwelling intermediate state and the pellets never revert back to filamentous form. Apart from the normal cycle, high temperature (37°C and above) and extreme pH also induced the yeast formation. Among the ions tested, calcium and chloride ions were found to restore the filamentous morphology, even in extreme pH and temperature. Cysteine HCl also played noteworthy role in maintaining mycelial growth even at adverse condition. Immobilized spores showed the appearance of intermediate form instead of typical yeast form even at high temperature. The strain could produce a number of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes like cellulolytic, xylanolytic, pectinolytic and amylolytic enzymes. The pellet and mycelial forms were found to be a better producer of cellulaselignocellulase enzymes and amylolytic enzymes respectively, which might be correlated with their infectivity. Increase in inoculum size, agitation during cultivation, change in carbon and nitrogen source failed to induce mycelial growth in extreme conditions, which might be explained as irreversible change of configuration of protein responsible for mycelial development.

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Induction of Rhizopus oryzae Pyruvate Decarboxylase Genes

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Resolving Phenylalanine Metabolism Sheds Light on Natural Synthesis of Penicillin G in Penicillium chrysogenum

Resolving Phenylalanine Metabolism Sheds Light on Natural Synthesis of Penicillin G in Penicillium chrysogenum

Metabolic engineering of Rhizopus oryzae for the production of platform chemicals

Effect of Extracellular Factors on Growth and Dimorphism of Rhizopus oryzae with Multiple Enzyme Synthesizing Ability

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