Induction of Resistance Against Rhizoctonia Root Rot of Common Bean

Abstract

The effect of seed treatments of common bean plants (cv. Nebraska) with Bion, Salicylic Acid (SA) and Paenibacillus polymyxa on infection with Rhizoctonia solani under greenhouse and field conditions was investigated. In greenhouse experiment, all treatments decreased percentages of pre and post-emergence damping-off compared with control grown in infested soil by R. solani. The highest percentage of survival plants was achieved from treatment with Bion 5mM (80%) followed by each of Bion 3mM and SA 5mM (76.7%) compared with control (40.1%). Meantime, significant increases in the values of shoot length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight over the control treatment were achieved. Under field experiments during summer 2009 and 2010 growing seasons, all the tested treatments significantly increased the percentage of survived plants compared with the control. There were no significant differences between the treatments with Bion 3mM and fungicide (Rhizolex-T 3g/Kg seeds) 89.4% and 89.3 %, respectively compared with untreated control 67.9% calculated as means of the two seasons. Also, the treatments with salicylic acid and P. polymyxa were less effective regarding survival plants in 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. Moreover, all treatments significantly increased all the studied vegetative characteristics, i.e. stem length, number of leaves/plant as well as fresh and dry weight of leaves/plant compared with untreated control. Meanwhile, higher increase pe in seed yield (kg/feddan) was estimated with bion and fungicide treatments (86% and 87.7%, respectively) followed by salicylic acid and P. polymyxa (66.8% and 55.4 %, respectively) increasing over the untreated control calculated as means of the two seasons. Laboratory studies indicated that, all treatments were effective in eliciting the activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. Peroxidase activity was higher with Bion followed by SA treatments; they showed 77.7% and 41.2 % increase over the untreated control, respectively. Meantime, elevation of the polyphenol oxidase activity was showed with Bion followed by SA treatments as 97.7% and 58.0% increasing over the untreated control, respectively. However, Bion treatment resulted in the highest increase in total phenols contents over the untreated control (94.3%) followed by SA and P. polymyxa treatments (57.9% and 52.6%) over the untreated control, respectively.

Efficacy of several chemical fungicides and biofungicides for controlling damping-off and root rot diseases in common bean under field conditions.

“…These results are in agreement with those obtained by several authors. Shehata (2015) found that treatment common bean seeds with Rhizolex-T reduced percentage of pre-and post-emergence damping-off, increased the percentage of healthy survival plants and significantly increased number of pods/plant and seed yield compared with untreated control. Under field conditions highest reduction in the diseases incidences and increases in the percentages of bean yield (number and weight of pods plant -1 and dry weight of 100 seeds) were induced by T. harzianum, followed by T. viride when used as seed treatment (El-Fiki et al, 2014)…”

“…The total cultivated area of common bean in Egypt in 2018 reached 120729 feddans that yielded 122870 tons (Anonymous, 2018). Also, bean is known by many other names such as common bean (Abeysinghe, 2007;Mahamune and Kakde, 2011;Shehata, 2015 andHussein et al, 2018), bean (Kataria et al, 2002;Sallam, Nashwa et al, 2008;El-Fiki et al, 2014 andRagab, Mona et al, 2015), dry bean (Abd-El-Khair et al, 2019 andJacobs et al, 2019), French bean, Rajma (Hindi), haricot bean, snap bean, navy bean (Mahamune and Kakde, 2011;Yunsheng et al, 2015 and, kidney bean (Mahamune andKakde, 2011 andAbd El-Hai andAli, Abeer, 2018) and finally bean which commonly known in Egypt as Phasolia is a member of family Fabaceae (Nassar, Rania et al, 2011 andYunsheng et al, 2015).…”

Detecção de >i<Xanthomonas campestres>/i< PV. >i<phaseoli>/i< (SMITH) dye em sementes de feijoeiro e consequências epidemiológicas

“…79-198279- -N, 79-198479- -N e 79-198779- -N (ZAPATA et al, 1985. -1981- -14, 79-1982- -N, 79-1984- -N, 79-1987- -N (ZAPATA et al, 1985, IAPAR 14 e IAPAR 16 (MARINGONI et al , 1992a) Têm-se constatada resistência foliar à X. campestrls pv. phaseoll (OLEAS-ARIAS, 1982;RAVA, 1985).…”