Induction of protective immunity to Babesia divergens in Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, using culture-derived immunogens

Winger, Caroline M.; Canning, Elizabeth U.; Culverhouse, J. D.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(87)90075-6

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This concept was challenged as early as 1958 by Davies et al, who found that some cattle resisted challenge even though inoculation of their blood into susceptible animals failed to cause infection (37). Today it is widely accepted that sterile immunity may develop in cattle as well as gerbils (78,101,184). Nevertheless, immunity does not last indefinitely, and in the absence of exposure to further infection, the animal becomes susceptible to reinfection (103).…”

Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, as opsonins they may stimulate phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes (60). However, passive transfer of immunity to susceptible animals with sera from immune animals was only successful in some cases (82,138), while in others recipient animals succumbed to challenge infections (184). During primary parasitemia, the humoral response seems to be of little consequence.…”

Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These trials have used a wide variety of materials, from dead parasites to single proteins (46,92,172,173,184,187). None of these materials proved as immunogenic as live parasites, and toxic adjuvants were often required to achieve acceptable levels of immunity.…”

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early studies focused on the merozoite surface coat, which is sloughed off during the process of host cell invasion and accumulates as a soluble exoantigen in in vitro culture supernatants (184). However, the response to immunization with culture-derived exoantigens has been mixed.…”

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the response to immunization with culture-derived exoantigens has been mixed. While Winger et al reported that the soluble antigens provided no adequate protection against homologous challenge (184), researchers in France produced some immunity in gerbils against homologous (66) and heterologous (140) challenges. Similarly, in cattle the exoantigens induced cellular and humoral responses which were consistent with protective immunity (180, patent).…”

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

et al. 2003

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Babesia divergens is an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus, and is the main agent of bovine babesiosis in Europe. It is not only a cause of significant loss to the cattle industry; it can also infect immunocompromised humans, causing medical emergencies characterized by rapid fulmination and parasitemias that may exceed 70%. The current emphasis in Europe on sustainable agriculture and extensification is likely to lead to an increase in vector tick populations with increased risk of infection. Despite the veterinary and zoonotic importance of this parasite, relatively little research has been carried out on B. divergens, and many questions regarding the parasite's epidemiology and the host's response remain unanswered. A better understanding of the species' biology and host-parasite interactions may lead to improved control mechanisms and new trends in vaccine and antibabesial drug development. This review provides the first comprehensive summary of B. divergens biology, including its morphology, life cycle, and host specificity, and the current state of knowledge of both human and bovine infections

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Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

et al. 2003

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Application of exoantigens of Babesia and Plasmodium in vaccine development

James

1989

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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The University of Illinois malaria vaccine programme uses culture-derived soluble exoantigens of Plasmodium falciparum and the squirrel monkey as an experimental model. Exoantigens are soluble polypeptides naturally released into the blood plasma of animals infected with Babesia or Plasmodium species, or into the supernatant medium of in vitro cultures of these organisms. Immunization with soluble B. bovis and B. bigemina exoantigens prepared from culture supernatant fluids protected cattle against homologous and heterologous challenge. Similarly, vaccination of squirrel monkeys with supernatant fluids from P. falciparum cultures containing exoantigen induced protective immunity against acute clinical malaria. Susceptible monkeys have been vaccinated with an aluminium hydroxide-fortified antigenic fraction partially purified from supernatants of P. falciparum strains Indochina I and Genève/SGE-1; this conferred significant clinical protection against needle challenge with the homologous Indochina I strain, and a moderate degree of immunity to the heterologous strain. Following sequential purification by high performance liquid chromatography, the N-terminal amino acid sequences of P. falciparum 100 kDa, 83 kDa and 70 kDa exoantigens were determined. A 29 amino acid peptide constructed from the N-terminal sequence of the P. falciparum (Genève strain) 83 kDa exoantigen has been synthesized. When coupled to a carrier protein, the peptide was immunogenic in rabbits, mice and squirrel monkeys, inducing antibodies which were trophozoite-specific, reactive to native parasite proteins in a two-site enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and in Western blots, and which inhibited P. falciparum growth in vitro. Using this synthetic peptide, EIAs are being developed for the detection of antibodies to P. falciparum blood-phase parasites in individuals living in malaria-endemic areas of Africa, Asia and South America.

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Vaccines against babesiosis using soluble parasite antigens

Schetters¹,

Montenegro-James²

1995

Parasitology Today

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Induction of protective immunity to Babesia divergens in Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, using culture-derived immunogens

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

Application of exoantigens of Babesia and Plasmodium in vaccine development

Vaccines against babesiosis using soluble parasite antigens

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